Computer Internet Questions and Answers

Answer: C

Correct answer: Voice over Internet Protocol

VoIP carries telephone calls as data packets across an IP network rather than over a dedicated circuit. It is what underlies internet calling services, and it is why a call can cost the same regardless of distance.

Answer: C

Correct answer: It encrypts the connection so data cannot be read or altered in transit

HTTPS is HTTP carried inside a TLS-encrypted connection. It provides three things: confidentiality, so the traffic cannot be read; integrity, so it cannot be altered undetected; and authentication, so the browser can verify it is talking to the genuine site. The authentication rests on a certificate issued by a certificate authority, binding a public key to a domain name. The browser checks the signature chain and shows a padlock when it succeeds - and a warning when it does not, which is why certificate errors should never be clicked past. A point worth understanding: the padlock proves the connection is secure and that the site is who its certificate says. It does not prove the site is trustworthy, and phishing sites routinely use valid certificates. HTTPS is now the default; browsers mark plain HTTP as insecure, and free certificates from Let’s Encrypt removed the cost barrier.

Answer: C

Correct answer: To begin a paragraph with a large dropped initial capital letter

A drop cap is an oversized first letter set into the first few lines of a paragraph, a device inherited from printing. It applies to one letter of one paragraph, not to every capital in the document.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Center

A page has four margins: top, bottom, left and right. There is no centre margin; centring is an alignment of text within those margins.

Answer: C

Correct answer: IMAP keeps messages on the server while POP3 downloads and usually removes them

Because IMAP leaves the mailbox on the server, the same account looks identical from a phone, a laptop and a browser. POP3 pulls messages down to one machine, which suits a single device but makes synchronisation awkward.

Answer: D

Correct answer: The Internet is the network; the Web is one service running on it

The Internet is the global network of interconnected computers - the physical and logical infrastructure. The World Wide Web is one service carried on it: a system of documents linked by hyperlinks, transferred by HTTP and identified by URLs. The distinction is easily shown by what else the Internet carries. Email, file transfer, video streaming, online games, voice calls and instant messaging all run over the Internet without being part of the Web at all. Email in particular is far older than the Web. The Internet has its origins in ARPANET in 1969 and became a network of networks through the adoption of TCP/IP in 1983. The Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN around 1989 and released publicly in 1991. So the Internet is the road system and the Web is one kind of traffic on it. Using the two words interchangeably is common but imprecise.

Answer: B

Correct answer: It is usually the address of the router acting as the gateway

On a home network the address ending .1 is conventionally assigned to the router, which acts as the default gateway - the device that traffic destined for anywhere outside the local network is sent to. It is also the address typed into a browser to reach the router’s configuration page. The convention is not a rule; nothing forbids the router taking a different address, and some manufacturers use 192.168.1.254. The 192.168 range is one of the private address blocks reserved for local networks, along with 10.x.x.x and 172.16 to 172.31. These addresses are not routable on the public internet and are reused in millions of homes, which works because the router performs NAT, translating them to its single public address on the way out. The broadcast address is the last in a subnet, not the first, and the network address itself ends in .0.

Answer: B

Correct answer: It translates domain names into IP addresses

The Domain Name System translates human-readable names such as example.com into the numeric IP addresses machines actually use. It is often described as the telephone directory of the internet. The lookup is hierarchical and distributed. A resolver asks a root server, which directs it to the server for the top-level domain, which directs it to the authoritative server for that domain, which returns the address. Results are cached at every step with a time-to-live, which is why a DNS change takes time to propagate. The distractors describe neighbouring services. A proxy or cache stores pages for faster access. DHCP assigns IP addresses to devices joining a network. A mail filter handles spam. Because DNS was designed without security, DNSSEC was added to sign responses, and DNS over HTTPS now encrypts the queries themselves.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Malicious code that attaches itself to a program and spreads when that program runs

A virus is malicious code that attaches itself to a host program or file and spreads when that host is executed. It requires a host and human action to propagate - opening a file, running a program. The distinction from its relatives is worth being exact about, since the word is used loosely for all of them. A worm is self-replicating and spreads across a network without a host or user action, which is why worms have caused the fastest-spreading outbreaks. A Trojan disguises itself as legitimate software and does not replicate at all. Ransomware encrypts files and demands payment. Spyware gathers information covertly. The umbrella term for all of them is malware. Antivirus software detects them by known signatures and by heuristic analysis of suspicious behaviour, which is why signature updates matter and why entirely new malware can evade detection at first.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Insert

A symbol is something added to the document, so the command is on the Insert menu, alongside picture, object and page break.