Synonyms Questions and Answers

Direction for [ Question No: 91 To 91 ] :

Refer the above passage and answer the Questions.

Few industries tout their sustainability credentials more forcefully than the fashion industry. Products ranging from swimsuits to wedding dresses are marketed as carbon positive, organic, or vegan while yoga mats made from mushrooms and sneakers from sugar cane dot retail shelves. New business models including recycling, resale, rental, reuse, and repair are sold as environmental life savers.

The sad truth however is that all this experimentation and supposed “innovation” in the fashion industry over the past 25 years have failed to lessen its planetary impact - a loud wake-up call for those who hope that voluntary efforts can successfully address climate change and other major challenges facing society.

Take the production of shirts and shoes, which has more than doubled in the past quarter century - three quarters end up burned or buried in landfills. This feels like a personal failure of sorts. The reasons for the industry's sustainability letdown are complicated. Pressure for unrelenting growth summed with consumer demand for cheap, fast fashion has been a major contributor. So too are the related facts that real prices for footwear and apparel have halved since 1990 with most new items made from non-biodegradable petroleum-based synthetics.

Direction for [ Question No: 92 To 92 ] :

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

We today revel in the idea that we are living in a world of science and science can work wonders for us. It is evident that science has revolutionised modern life. What our forefathers, half a century ago, could not even dream of, we have that at our beck and call. Electricity is a wonder and what it is doing would have appeared to be a fairy tale for our forefathers. A button is pressed, the room gets flooded with light; the fan moves, the AC cools or warms the room, water is boiled or cooled, even frozen, eatables can be preserved for days. Human suffering has greatly been alleviated. Science has investigated into disease and found startling cures for them. Artificial limbs can be fitted into the bodies of the disabled, and even kidney and heart transplants are being performed. Machinery has eliminated human labour and made life more mechanical and less arduous. Means of communication – the fax, the email, the mobile smart phones – are really wonderful means given to us by science. Atomic energy that if put to use for peaceful purposes can work wonders. We have begun to feel beholden to science and the scientists.

But there is the other side of the picture too. Man has become a slave to the machines. Human labour has been minimised but that has led to a more luxurious living and less of physical activity. Mankind has begun suffering from such elements that life without the modern scientific gadgets is impossible. True, that all this has happened and which our hard-working forefathers never knew of; more and more use of machines has led to large scale unemployment. We are unnecessarily using chemicals for agriculture. The pesticides and germicides used in saving the crops are sending out such alarming signals as precariously depleting the ozone layer which protects Earth from the harmful radiation of the sun’s rays. The world is getting exposed to the situations of great alarm and danger. GMOs are good for some crops and not so for others. Wild varieties cannot be allowed to go extinct. Furthermore, atomic energy is being used for destructive purposes and the nuclear explosions are causing radiations which are fatal for mankind. Can we ever forget what happened to Nagasaki and Hiroshima in Japan during the World War II? Do we want to live under such further threats of large-scale devastation and destruction?

Therefore, what is necessary is that we imperatively use science as our slave – take the utmost advantage from it but do not permit it to become our master. We have to keep the ‘genie’ under our control, use it for the good of mankind; cure disease with its help, explore treasures of the earth through it; communicate with one another at the quickest pace but keep its dangerous uses under check. Let science remain our ‘slave’ and not allow it to become our master. Let science, like Aladdin’s ‘genie’, remain in Aladdin’s controlling power, not to overpower and become a menace to mankind.

Direction for [ Question No: 100 To 100 ] :

"If you are looking for a history of India, or for an account of the rise and fall of the British Raj, or for the reason of the cleaving of the subcontinent into two mutually antagonistic parts and the effects this mutilation will have in the respective sections, and ultimately on Asia, you will not find it in these pages; for though I have spent a lifetime in the country, I lived too near the seat of events, and was too intimately associated with the actors, to get the perspective needed for the impartial recording of these matters".