Syllogisms Questions and Answers

Q: Statements: Some questions are answers. Some answers are writers. All the writers are poets. Conclusions: 1. Some writers are answers. 2. Some poets are questions. 3. All the questions are poets. 4. Some poets are answers.

Correct answer: Only (1) and (4)Some answers are writers gives its converse, some writers are answers - conclusion 1 - and since all writers are poets, those answers are poets too, giving some poets are answers, conclusion 4. Conclusions 2 and 3 try to reach questions, which are linked only by a particular.

Q: Statements: Some envelops are gums. Some gums are seals. Some seals are adhesives. Conclusions: 1. Some envelopes are seals. 2. Some gums are adhesives. 3. Some adhesives are seals. 4. Some adhesives are gums.

Correct answer: Only (3)Some seals are adhesives gives its converse, some adhesives are seals - conclusion 3. Every other conclusion has to cross two particular statements, and the middle terms in them need not be the same things.

Q: Statements: All the papers are books. All the bags are books. Some purses are bags. Conclusions: 1. Some papers are bags. 2. Some books are papers. 3. Some books are purses.

Correct answer: Only (2) and (3)All papers are books gives some books are papers, conclusion 2; and some purses being bags, with all bags books, gives some books are purses, conclusion 3. Conclusion 1 links papers to bags, which the statements do not.

Q: Statements: Some rats are cats. Some cats are dogs. No dog is cow. Conclusions: 1. No cow is cat. 2. No dog is rat. 3. Some cats are rats.

Correct answer: Only (3)Some rats are cats gives its converse, some cats are rats - conclusion 3. Conclusion 1 needs cows excluded from cats, whereas only dogs are excluded; and conclusion 2 crosses two particulars.

Q: Statements: All the books are papers. Some papers are journals. Some journals are calendars. Conclusions: 1. Some journals are books. 2. Some calendars are papers. 3. Some books are journals. 4. Some books are calendars.

Correct answer: None of the fourThe chain runs books → papers by a universal, but from papers onward it is all particulars - some papers are journals, some journals are calendars - and those need not be the same papers or journals. None of the four follows.

Q: Statements: All the bottles are boxes. All the boxes are bags. Some bags are trays. Conclusions: 1. Some bottles are trays. 2. Some trays are boxes. 3. All the bottles are bags. 4. Some trays are bags.

Correct answer: Only (3) and (4)All bottles are boxes and all boxes are bags, so all bottles are bags - conclusion 3. Some bags are trays gives its converse, some trays are bags - conclusion 4. Conclusions 1 and 2 need the bags that are trays to be bottles or boxes, which is not given.

Q: Statements: Some cars are jeeps. All the boxes are jeeps. All the pens are cars. Conclusions: 1. Some cars are boxes. 2. No pen is jeep. 3. Some boxes are cars.

Correct answer: None of threeConclusions 1 and 3 link cars with boxes, which are joined only through jeeps as a predicate in both statements - an undistributed middle. Conclusion 2 denies any pen being a jeep, whereas all pens are cars and some cars are jeeps, so nothing of the kind follows. None of the three follows.

Q: Statements: I. No point is a brake. II. No catch is a brake. Conclusions: I. Some points are not catches. II. Some brakes are catches.

Correct answer: If neither conclusion I nor II followsBoth statements are negative - no point is a brake, no catch is a brake - and from two negatives nothing follows. Conclusion II even contradicts the second statement. Neither follows.

Q: Statements: I. Some students are bad. II. Some bad are good. Conclusions: I. Some students are good. II. All good are bad.

Correct answer: If neither conclusion I nor II followsBoth statements are particular, and the bad who are students need not be the bad who are good, so nothing links students to good. Conclusion II makes a universal out of a particular. Neither follows.

Q: Statements: I. Some entertainers are boring. II. All boring are dusty. Conclusions: I. Some entertainers are dusty. II. All entertainers are dusty.

Correct answer: If only conclusion I followsSome entertainers are boring and all boring are dusty, so those entertainers are dusty - some entertainers are dusty, conclusion I. Conclusion II makes it all entertainers, which the particular first statement cannot support. Only I follows.

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81.

Statements: Some questions are answers. Some answers are writers. All the writers are poets.

Conclusions:

1. Some writers are answers.

2. Some poets are questions.

3. All the questions are poets.

4. Some poets are answers.

A.Only (1) and (2)
B.Only (1) and (4)
C.Only (1) and (3)
D.Only (2) and (4)

Answer: B

Correct answer: Only (1) and (4)

Some answers are writers gives its converse, some writers are answers - conclusion 1 - and since all writers are poets, those answers are poets too, giving some poets are answers, conclusion 4. Conclusions 2 and 3 try to reach questions, which are linked only by a particular.

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82.

Statements: Some envelops are gums. Some gums are seals. Some seals are adhesives.

Conclusions:

1. Some envelopes are seals.

2. Some gums are adhesives.

3. Some adhesives are seals.

4. Some adhesives are gums.

A.Only (3)
B.Only (1)
C.Only (2)
D.Only (4)

Answer: A

Correct answer: Only (3)

Some seals are adhesives gives its converse, some adhesives are seals - conclusion 3. Every other conclusion has to cross two particular statements, and the middle terms in them need not be the same things.

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83.

Statements: All the papers are books. All the bags are books. Some purses are bags.

Conclusions:

1. Some papers are bags.

2. Some books are papers.

3. Some books are purses.

A.Only (1)
B.Only (2) and (3)
C.Only (1) and (2)
D.Only (1) and (3)

Answer: B

Correct answer: Only (2) and (3)

All papers are books gives some books are papers, conclusion 2; and some purses being bags, with all bags books, gives some books are purses, conclusion 3. Conclusion 1 links papers to bags, which the statements do not.

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84.

Statements: Some rats are cats. Some cats are dogs. No dog is cow.

Conclusions:

1. No cow is cat.

2. No dog is rat.

3. Some cats are rats.

A.Only (1)
B.Only (1) and (2)
C.Only (1) and (3)
D.Only (3)

Answer: D

Correct answer: Only (3)

Some rats are cats gives its converse, some cats are rats - conclusion 3. Conclusion 1 needs cows excluded from cats, whereas only dogs are excluded; and conclusion 2 crosses two particulars.

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85.

Statements: All the books are papers. Some papers are journals. Some journals are calendars.

Conclusions:

1. Some journals are books.

2. Some calendars are papers.

3. Some books are journals.

4. Some books are calendars.

A.Only (1)
B.Only (2)
C.Only (3)
D.None of the four

Answer: D

Correct answer: None of the four

The chain runs books → papers by a universal, but from papers onward it is all particulars - some papers are journals, some journals are calendars - and those need not be the same papers or journals. None of the four follows.

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86.

Statements: All the bottles are boxes. All the boxes are bags. Some bags are trays.

Conclusions:

1. Some bottles are trays.

2. Some trays are boxes.

3. All the bottles are bags.

4. Some trays are bags.

A.Only (3) and (4)
B.Only (1) and (2)
C.Only (2) and (3)
D.Only (1) and (4)

Answer: A

Correct answer: Only (3) and (4)

All bottles are boxes and all boxes are bags, so all bottles are bags - conclusion 3. Some bags are trays gives its converse, some trays are bags - conclusion 4. Conclusions 1 and 2 need the bags that are trays to be bottles or boxes, which is not given.

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87.

Statements: Some cars are jeeps. All the boxes are jeeps. All the pens are cars.

Conclusions:

1. Some cars are boxes.

2. No pen is jeep.

3. Some boxes are cars.

A.None of three
B.Only (1) and (2)
C.Only (1) and (3)
D.Only (2) and (3)

Answer: A

Correct answer: None of three

Conclusions 1 and 3 link cars with boxes, which are joined only through jeeps as a predicate in both statements - an undistributed middle. Conclusion 2 denies any pen being a jeep, whereas all pens are cars and some cars are jeeps, so nothing of the kind follows. None of the three follows.

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88.

Statements:

I. No point is a brake.

II. No catch is a brake.

Conclusions:

I. Some points are not catches.

II. Some brakes are catches.

A.If only conclusion I follows
B.If only conclusion II follows.
C.If either conclusion I or II follows.
D.If neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer: D

Correct answer: If neither conclusion I nor II follows

Both statements are negative - no point is a brake, no catch is a brake - and from two negatives nothing follows. Conclusion II even contradicts the second statement. Neither follows.

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89.

Statements:

I. Some students are bad.

II. Some bad are good.

Conclusions:

I. Some students are good.

II. All good are bad.

A.If only conclusion I follows.
B.If only conclusion II follows
C.If either conclusion I or II follows
D.If neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer: D

Correct answer: If neither conclusion I nor II follows

Both statements are particular, and the bad who are students need not be the bad who are good, so nothing links students to good. Conclusion II makes a universal out of a particular. Neither follows.

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90.

Statements:

I. Some entertainers are boring.

II. All boring are dusty.

Conclusions:

I. Some entertainers are dusty.

II. All entertainers are dusty.

A.If only conclusion I follows
B.If only conclusion II follows
C.If either conclusion I or II follows
D.If neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer: A

Correct answer: If only conclusion I follows

Some entertainers are boring and all boring are dusty, so those entertainers are dusty - some entertainers are dusty, conclusion I. Conclusion II makes it all entertainers, which the particular first statement cannot support. Only I follows.

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