Human Development and Interventions Questions and Answers

201.

Which is the correct sequence of emergence of virtues ?

A.Hope, Willpower, Purpose, Competency
B.Willpower, Hope, Purpose, Competency
C.Purpose, Competency, Willpower, Hope
D.Competency, Willpower, Purpose, Hope

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

In Erikson's scheme the virtues appear in the order hope, willpower, purpose and competence (competency). Hope arises in infancy from trust, will in early childhood from autonomy, purpose in the play age from initiative, and competence in school age from industry.

Every other order puts a later virtue ahead of an earlier one, for example competence before willpower, which reverses the stages.

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202.

Which of the following are the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia ?

1. Hallucinations and Apathy
2. Asociality and Apathy
3. Anhedonia and Poverty of speech
4. Poverty of speech and Delusions.
Codes :

A.1 and 3 only
B.2 and 3 only
C.3 and 4 only
D.2 and 4 only

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are the lacks: asociality, apathy, anhedonia and poverty of speech. Statements 2 and 3 list only such symptoms, so they are correct.

Hallucinations and delusions are positive symptoms, as they are added experiences. Statement 1 mixes hallucinations with apathy and statement 4 mixes poverty of speech with delusions, so any option that includes 1 or 4 is wrong.

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203.

Match List - I with List - II and indicate your answer using the codes given below :

List - I (Disorder)	List - II (Symptoms)
a. Dyssomnias	1. Abnormal behaviour that occur during sleep.
b. Insomnia	2. Sleeplessness
c. Parasomnias	3. It involve problems in getting to sleep or getting sufficient high quality sleep
d. Hypersomnia	4. Excessive sleep

Codes : a b c d

A.2 4 3 1
B.1 2 3 4
C.3 2 1 4
D.1 3 2 4

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

Dyssomnias involve problems in getting to sleep or getting enough good quality sleep (3). Insomnia is sleeplessness (2). Parasomnias are abnormal behaviours during sleep, such as sleepwalking (1). Hypersomnia is excessive sleep (4). This gives 3, 2, 1, 4.

Dyssomnia is the broad group, of which insomnia and hypersomnia are forms, while parasomnias are the behaviours that occur in sleep. Giving dyssomnias the item 1 or 2 is wrong.

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204.

Read each of the following two statements-Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicate your answer using the codes given below :

Assertion (A) : The anticipatory anxiety that people develop about having another panic attack is thought to arise from activity in the hippocampus of the limbic system.
Reason (R) : According to one theory, panic attacks arise from abnormal activity in the amygdala.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Both statements are true, but R does not explain A. Anticipatory anxiety about another panic attack is linked to the hippocampus in the limbic system, as the assertion says. Panic attacks themselves are linked to abnormal activity in the amygdala, as the reason says.

The two statements describe different features and different structures, with no causal chain from R to A, so R does not account for A.

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205.

Children first demonstrate a rudimentary understanding of syntax during the _____ stage.

A.Babbling
B.One-word
C.Two-word
D.Three-word

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

Children first show a rudimentary understanding of syntax in the two-word stage.

At about 18 to 24 months children join two words, such as 'want milk', and the order of the words begins to carry meaning, the first sign of grammar.

Babbling consists of speech sounds without meaning, and the one-word stage uses single words for whole ideas, so neither has syntax. The three-word stage comes later and is more developed than a rudimentary beginning.

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206.

Read each of the following two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R). And indicate your answer using the codes given below :

Assertion (A) : In Scandinavian countries, parents do not beat children.
Reason (R) : Scandinavian countries have outlawed physical punishment by parents.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

Both statements are correct and the reason explains the assertion: Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Scandinavian countries, beginning with Sweden, have made physical punishment of children by parents illegal, and that is why parents there do not beat children. The legal ban is the cause of the practice described in the assertion.

The option calling the reason a non-explanation overlooks that link, and the options calling either statement false deny well-known legislation.

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207.

Match List-I with List-II and indicate your answer using the codes given below :

List - I (Piaget's concepts)	List - II (Description)
p. Centration	1. The assumption that one's way of thinking is the only possibility.
q. Conservation	2. The ability to undo mentally, an action or operation.
r. Egocentrism	3. Attending to only one aspect of a situation.
s. Reversibility	4. The principle that quantities remain constant under various changes in their appearance.

Codes : p q r s

A.2 4 1 3
B.3 1 4 2
C.1 2 3 4
D.3 4 1 2

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

Piaget's terms match their descriptions as follows: centration is attending to only one aspect of a situation (3), conservation is the principle that quantities stay constant despite changes in appearance (4), egocentrism is the assumption that one's own way of thinking is the only possibility (1), and reversibility is the ability to undo an action mentally (2). The sequence p-3, q-4, r-1, s-2 is code D. Code A gives centration the reversibility description, code B swaps conservation and egocentrism with other items, and code C is just the numerical order 1-2-3-4, which matches none of the correct pairs.

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208.

Read each of the following two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R), and indicate your answer using the codes given below :

Assertion (A) : Strange Situation Test measures child's attachment with the mother.
Reason (R) : The mother and the stranger are also attached.
Codes :

A.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B.Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: C

The assertion is true: the Strange Situation procedure, devised by Ainsworth, observes how an infant reacts to separation from and reunion with the mother in the presence of a stranger, and so assesses the child's attachment to the mother. The reason is false, because the stranger is not an attachment figure in this procedure; the stranger is used only as a source of mild stress and as a test of how the infant uses the mother as a secure base. So the answer is that (A) is true but (R) is false. Options A and B require a true reason, and option D requires a false assertion.

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209.

Which of the following is/are correct in Rogerian therapy ?

1. The therapist is supportive and non-directive.
2. It is the client and not the therapist who best understands the problem and in what direction the therapy should proceed.
3. The therapist can sense the client's tensions and incongruent feelings and reflect them back to the client.
Codes :

A.Only 1 is correct.
B.1 and 2 are correct.
C.1 and 3 are correct.
D.1, 2 and 3 are correct.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: D

All three statements describe Rogerian (client-centred) therapy correctly, so 1, 2 and 3 are correct. The therapist is supportive and non-directive, offering unconditional positive regard rather than giving advice. Rogers held that the client, not the therapist, understands the problem best and decides where therapy should go. The therapist also senses the client's tensions and incongruent feelings and reflects them back. Options A, B and C each leave out one of these true statements, so only the option listing all three is right.

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210.

By what age children are aware of gender stability as per Kohlberg's theory of the development of gender identity ?

A.2-3½ years
B.3½ - 4½ years
C.4½ -7 years
D.11-14 years

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

In Kohlberg's account of gender identity development, children aged about 3½ to 4½ years reach gender stability. Gender identity (labelling oneself as a boy or girl) comes first at around 2 to 3½ years. Gender stability is the understanding that gender stays the same over time, and it is followed by gender constancy at about 4½ to 7 years, when children grasp that gender does not change with clothing or activity. The 2-3½ range is the stage of identity, the 4½-7 range is constancy, and 11-14 years lies beyond the theory's early stages.

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