ICT Fundamentals for Libraries Questions and Answers

Q: Data encryption techniques are particularly used for ..........

Encryption is used for protecting data in data communication systems.Encryption converts readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable form (ciphertext) using an algorithm and a key, so that only someone with the right key can decrypt it. Its main purpose is confidentiality: data transmitted over a network, or stored, cannot be read by anyone who intercepts it.Reducing storage space is the job of compression, not encryption, and encrypted data is often slightly larger. Encryption does not by itself guarantee integrity, which needs hashing or digital signatures, and it certainly does not decrease integrity.

Q: Which standard model is used for data interchange on web ?

The standard model for data interchange on the web is RDF.The Resource Description Framework is the W3C standard for describing resources and exchanging data on the web. It expresses information as triples, subject, predicate and object, each identified by a URI, so data from different sources can be merged even when their schemas differ. It is the foundation of linked data and the semantic web.RDF Schema (RDFS) is a vocabulary for defining classes and properties on top of RDF, not the interchange model itself. 'RDF : W' and 'RDF : D' do not exist as standards.

Q: Which of the components are covered in "WAMP" ?(i) Windows(ii) Apache(iii) MySQL(iv) Python

WAMP covers Windows, Apache and MySQL, so the answer is (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.WAMP is the Windows version of the LAMP stack used to run dynamic websites: Windows as the operating system, Apache as the web server, MySQL as the database, and PHP (sometimes Perl or Python) as the scripting language.The option with all three fixed letters is the complete one. Python is only one possible choice for the P, while every option that includes it drops MySQL or Windows or Apache, components that WAMP always has. So the options with (iv) are wrong.

Q: Assertion (A) : Big data is a product of data being generated constantly and rapidly.Reason (R) : Due to the omnipresence of persoal computing devices and smart phones, indivdiuals generate massive amount of data leading to Big data.

The answer is Both (A) and (R) are true.Assertion (A) is correct: big data arises from data generated continuously and at high speed, the velocity that is one of its defining features along with volume and variety.Reason (R) is also correct: the spread of personal computing devices and smartphones means individuals produce huge amounts of data every day through messages, photos, location data, searches and social media, and that is a major source of big data. Since both statements hold (the paper misprints 'personal' and 'individuals'), the options marking either one false are wrong.

Q: Statement (A) : Web 1.0 is "Read only web".Statement (B) : 'Skype' is an example of Web 1.0.

(A) is true but (B) is false.Web 1.0, the early web of the 1990s, consisted mostly of static pages published by a few and read by many, so it is described as the 'read-only web'. Statement A is true.Skype is a real-time voice, video and chat service in which users communicate and create content with one another. That interactive, two-way communication belongs to the later, participatory web (Web 2.0), not to the read-only Web 1.0. So Statement B is false, and the options calling it true are wrong.

Q: Assertion (A) : You are not allowed to upload videos to YouTube. It is a paid service.Reason (R) : YouTube is a service of Google.

(A) is false, but (R) is true.Assertion A is false: anyone with an account can upload videos to YouTube free of charge. Most of YouTube is free to use, and the paid subscriptions it offers are optional extras such as ad-free viewing.Reason R is true: YouTube, founded in 2005, was bought by Google in 2006 and is run as a Google service.The options calling A true, or calling R false, are therefore wrong.

Q: Inserting spurious data or information into an organization's system to disrupt or overload services is called .................. .

Inserting spurious data into a system is called Fabrication.Security texts classify attacks on information in transit into four kinds. Fabrication is the insertion of counterfeit objects, such as fake messages or records, into a system; it attacks authenticity, and flooding a system with them can disrupt or overload it.Interruption makes an asset unavailable (an attack on availability). Interception is unauthorised access to data, such as eavesdropping (confidentiality). Modification is tampering with existing data (integrity). Only fabrication creates new, false data.

Q: Arrange the following measures according to their Bytes contained in them :(i) Exabyte(ii) Yottabyte(iii) Zettabyte(iv) Petabyte

In increasing order of size: (iv) (i) (iii) (ii).\[ \begin{aligned} \text{Petabyte} &= 10^{15}\ \text{bytes} \\ \text{Exabyte} &= 10^{18}\ \text{bytes} \\ \text{Zettabyte} &= 10^{21}\ \text{bytes} \\ \text{Yottabyte} &= 10^{24}\ \text{bytes} \end{aligned} \]Each unit is a thousand times the one before (or 1024 times in the binary convention): peta, exa, zetta, yotta. The other options put the exabyte before the petabyte or the yottabyte before the zettabyte.

Q: Arrange the following steps in programming in a proper logical sequence :(i) Program code(ii) Program documentation(iii) Program test(iv) Program design

The logical sequence is (iv) (i) (iii) (ii): design, code, test, document.A program is first designed, by working out its logic with algorithms or flowcharts. The design is then written as program code, the code is tested to find and remove errors, and finally the program is documented for users and maintainers.Testing cannot come before the code exists, and coding should not begin before the design, so the options starting with testing or documentation, or putting testing before coding, are wrong. Documentation in practice continues throughout, but as a final step it comes last.

21.

Data encryption techniques are particularly used for ..........

A.Protecting data in Data communication system
B.Reduce storage space requirement
C.Enhances integrity
D.Decreases data integrity

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

Encryption is used for protecting data in data communication systems.

Encryption converts readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable form (ciphertext) using an algorithm and a key, so that only someone with the right key can decrypt it. Its main purpose is confidentiality: data transmitted over a network, or stored, cannot be read by anyone who intercepts it.

Reducing storage space is the job of compression, not encryption, and encrypted data is often slightly larger. Encryption does not by itself guarantee integrity, which needs hashing or digital signatures, and it certainly does not decrease integrity.

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22.

Which layer of the OSI model has the function of providing authorization to the correct user ?

A.Transport layer
B.Application layer
C.Presentation layer
D.Session layer

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: D

In the textbook account of the OSI model, authorization is a function of the session layer.

The session layer (layer 5) establishes, manages and terminates sessions between two communicating applications. Setting up a session includes checking who the user is and whether that user is allowed to open the session, which is why textbooks list authentication and authorization among its functions, together with dialogue control and synchronisation.

The transport layer handles reliable end-to-end delivery of data, the presentation layer handles translation, encryption and compression of data, and the application layer provides network services to the user's applications. None of them is the layer this classification gives authorization to.

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23.

Which standard model is used for data interchange on web ?

A.RDF
B.RDF : S
C.RDF : W
D.RDF : D

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

The standard model for data interchange on the web is RDF.

The Resource Description Framework is the W3C standard for describing resources and exchanging data on the web. It expresses information as triples, subject, predicate and object, each identified by a URI, so data from different sources can be merged even when their schemas differ. It is the foundation of linked data and the semantic web.

RDF Schema (RDFS) is a vocabulary for defining classes and properties on top of RDF, not the interchange model itself. 'RDF : W' and 'RDF : D' do not exist as standards.

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24.

Which of the components are covered in "WAMP" ?

(i) Windows
(ii) Apache
(iii) MySQL
(iv) Python

A.(i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
B.(ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
C.(i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
D.(i), (iii) and (iv) are correct

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

WAMP covers Windows, Apache and MySQL, so the answer is (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.

WAMP is the Windows version of the LAMP stack used to run dynamic websites: Windows as the operating system, Apache as the web server, MySQL as the database, and PHP (sometimes Perl or Python) as the scripting language.

The option with all three fixed letters is the complete one. Python is only one possible choice for the P, while every option that includes it drops MySQL or Windows or Apache, components that WAMP always has. So the options with (iv) are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

25.

Assertion (A) : Big data is a product of data being generated constantly and rapidly.
Reason (R) : Due to the omnipresence of persoal computing devices and smart phones, indivdiuals generate massive amount of data leading to Big data.

A.Both (A) and (R) are true
B.Both (A) and (R) are false
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: A

The answer is Both (A) and (R) are true.

Assertion (A) is correct: big data arises from data generated continuously and at high speed, the velocity that is one of its defining features along with volume and variety.

Reason (R) is also correct: the spread of personal computing devices and smartphones means individuals produce huge amounts of data every day through messages, photos, location data, searches and social media, and that is a major source of big data. Since both statements hold (the paper misprints 'personal' and 'individuals'), the options marking either one false are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

26.

Statement (A) : Web 1.0 is "Read only web".
Statement (B) : 'Skype' is an example of Web 1.0.

A.(A) is true but (B) is false
B.(A) is false but (B) is true
C.Both (A) and (B) are true
D.Both (A) and (B) are false

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: A

(A) is true but (B) is false.

Web 1.0, the early web of the 1990s, consisted mostly of static pages published by a few and read by many, so it is described as the 'read-only web'. Statement A is true.

Skype is a real-time voice, video and chat service in which users communicate and create content with one another. That interactive, two-way communication belongs to the later, participatory web (Web 2.0), not to the read-only Web 1.0. So Statement B is false, and the options calling it true are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

27.

Assertion (A) : You are not allowed to upload videos to YouTube. It is a paid service.
Reason (R) : YouTube is a service of Google.

A.Both (A) and (R) are correct
B.Both (A) and (R) are false
C.(A) is true, but (R) is false
D.(A) is false, but (R) is true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Assertion A is false: anyone with an account can upload videos to YouTube free of charge. Most of YouTube is free to use, and the paid subscriptions it offers are optional extras such as ad-free viewing.

Reason R is true: YouTube, founded in 2005, was bought by Google in 2006 and is run as a Google service.

The options calling A true, or calling R false, are therefore wrong.

Discuss in Forum

28.

Inserting spurious data or information into an organization's system to disrupt or overload services is called .................. .

A.Interruption
B.Interception
C.Modification
D.Fabrication

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

Inserting spurious data into a system is called Fabrication.

Security texts classify attacks on information in transit into four kinds. Fabrication is the insertion of counterfeit objects, such as fake messages or records, into a system; it attacks authenticity, and flooding a system with them can disrupt or overload it.

Interruption makes an asset unavailable (an attack on availability). Interception is unauthorised access to data, such as eavesdropping (confidentiality). Modification is tampering with existing data (integrity). Only fabrication creates new, false data.

Discuss in Forum

29.

Arrange the following measures according to their Bytes contained in them :

(i) Exabyte
(ii) Yottabyte
(iii) Zettabyte
(iv) Petabyte

A.(iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
B.(i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
C.(i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
D.(iv) (i) (iii) (ii)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: D

In increasing order of size: (iv) (i) (iii) (ii).

\[ \begin{aligned} \text{Petabyte} &= 10^{15}\ \text{bytes} \\ \text{Exabyte} &= 10^{18}\ \text{bytes} \\ \text{Zettabyte} &= 10^{21}\ \text{bytes} \\ \text{Yottabyte} &= 10^{24}\ \text{bytes} \end{aligned} \]

Each unit is a thousand times the one before (or 1024 times in the binary convention): peta, exa, zetta, yotta. The other options put the exabyte before the petabyte or the yottabyte before the zettabyte.

Discuss in Forum

30.

Arrange the following steps in programming in a proper logical sequence :

(i) Program code
(ii) Program documentation
(iii) Program test
(iv) Program design

A.(iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
B.(iv) (i) (iii) (ii)
C.(iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
D.(ii) (iv) (i) (iii)

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2020, SET Exam - 2020,

Answer: B

The logical sequence is (iv) (i) (iii) (ii): design, code, test, document.

A program is first designed, by working out its logic with algorithms or flowcharts. The design is then written as program code, the code is tested to find and remove errors, and finally the program is documented for users and maintainers.

Testing cannot come before the code exists, and coding should not begin before the design, so the options starting with testing or documentation, or putting testing before coding, are wrong. Documentation in practice continues throughout, but as a final step it comes last.

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