Computer Internet Questions and Answers

Answer: D

Correct answer: A reference in a document that takes the reader to another location when activated

A hyperlink is a reference within a document that, when activated, takes the reader to another document or to another point in the same one. Links are what make the Web a web rather than a collection of separate documents. The idea long predates the Web. Vannevar Bush described an associative machine in 1945, and Ted Nelson coined the word hypertext in the 1960s; Tim Berners-Lee’s contribution was to combine hypertext with a network protocol and a naming scheme. In HTML a link is an anchor element carrying an href attribute giving the destination URL, and the text between the tags is what the reader sees and clicks. Links are also what search engines use to discover pages, since a crawler works by following them - and Google’s original PageRank algorithm judged a page’s importance by how many pages linked to it, treating each link as a kind of vote.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Synonyms and Antonyms words

The thesaurus offers alternative words of similar or opposite meaning. Spelling suggestions come from the spelling checker, which is a separate tool.

Answer: A

Correct answer: 1 and 1

A table must have at least one cell, which means at least one row and one column.

Answer: A

Correct answer: 8 and 72

The Font Size box lists sizes from 8 to 72 points. Larger and smaller sizes can be typed into the box, but those are the values the list offers.

Answer: D

Correct answer: To control network traffic entering and leaving a system according to rules

A firewall controls traffic crossing a boundary, permitting or blocking it according to a set of rules based on addresses, ports and protocols. It may be hardware, software, or both. The kinds differ in how much they examine. A packet filter looks at each packet in isolation against static rules - fast but crude. A stateful firewall tracks connections, so it can tell a reply to an outgoing request from an unsolicited incoming packet, and is considerably more secure. An application-layer firewall or proxy inspects the content of the traffic itself. What a firewall does not do is remove malware - that is antivirus software, and the second option is the usual confusion. Nor does it help against a threat that arrives by an allowed route, such as a user downloading an infected attachment. It is one layer of defence, not a complete one.

Answer: D

Correct answer: bits per second

Bandwidth expresses how much data a link carries in unit time, quoted in bits per second and its multiples. Note the unit is bits, not bytes, which is why a 8 Mbps connection downloads at roughly 1 megabyte per second.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Reliable, ordered delivery of data

TCP numbers its segments, acknowledges them and retransmits anything lost, so the receiver sees the bytes in the order sent. UDP omits all of that, which is why it is preferred for live video and voice where a late packet is worse than a missing one.

Answer: D

Correct answer: in

The top-level domain is the last label, here the country code .in. The .co before it is a second-level domain used for commercial organisations, and example is the name registered beneath it.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Copies of previously downloaded page resources, to avoid fetching them again

The cache holds copies of resources already downloaded - images, stylesheets, scripts, sometimes whole pages - so that a return visit can use the local copy instead of fetching it again. The benefit is speed and reduced data use, since the largest parts of a page are usually the ones that change least. Servers control it through HTTP headers giving each resource an expiry time or a validation token, so the browser can ask whether its copy is still current without downloading the whole thing. Its familiar drawback is staleness: a site updated on the server may still show the old version locally, which is why a forced reload - Ctrl + F5 - bypasses the cache. It should not be confused with the neighbouring stores the browser keeps: history lists pages visited, cookies hold site data, and the password manager holds credentials, encrypted rather than in plain text.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Linux

Linux is an operating system. Windows, macOS, Android and iOS are others. An operating system sits between the hardware and everything else, managing the processor, memory, storage and devices, and providing the services that applications call on. Without it, every program would have to drive the hardware itself. The distractors are all application software, which runs on top of an operating system: Firefox is a web browser, Photoshop an image editor, Excel a spreadsheet. The distinction between system software and application software is exactly what the question tests. Linux is strictly the kernel; a usable system combines it with utilities and libraries, which is why complete systems are called distributions - Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Red Hat. It is free and open-source, which is why it dominates servers, supercomputers and embedded devices, and why Android is built on it.