Today perhaps your only association with the word 'polio' is the Sabin Oral Vaccine that protects children from the disease. Fifty five years ago this was not so. The dreaded disease, which mainly affects the brain and spinal cord, causing stiffening and weakening of muscles, crippling and paralysis - which is Why I am in a wheelchair today. If somebody had predicted, when I was born, that this would happen to me, no one would have believed it. I was the seventh child in a family of four pairs of brothers and sisters, with a huge 23-year gap between the first and last. I was so fair and brown haired that I looked more like a foreigner than a Dawood Bohri. I was also considered to be the healthiest of the brood.
In this passage, the narrator is a patient of
Answer: A
Correct answer: Polio
The passage names the disease outright and traces its effects - stiffening and weakening of muscles, crippling and paralysis - before adding which is why I am in a wheelchair today. Paralysis is a symptom of the polio, not a separate condition.
Please log in or register to report this question.
In his childhood, the narrator looked "more like a foreigner than a Dawood Bohri" This was because he was
Answer: D
Correct answer: Fair and brown haired
The passage gives the reason in the same sentence: I was so fair and brown haired that I looked more like a foreigner than a Dawood Bohri. His health and build are mentioned in the next sentence and for a different purpose.
Please log in or register to report this question.
Soft bodied animals like caterpillars often fall a prey to voracious hunters like birds or reptiles. Despite having no means to 'actively' defend themselves, with weapons like claws or jaws, they have nevertheless, evolved other equally effective deterrents. A particular species of the caterpillar lives at an altitude over 2,500 metres in the Himalayas. It uses prominent colour to inform would be predators of its inedibility. In the event that an inexperienced or adventurous bird did eat the caterpillar, it would probably vomit it soon after, and subsequently desist from attacking similar species in future. Though this would do the unfortunate victim no good, the species benefits. A rare example of the martyr among animals.
The expression “other equally effective deterrents” means
Answer: B
Correct answer: preventive equipment which is as effective as something already mentioned in the passage
The word other points back to the claws and jaws named in the sentence before, and equally effective measures the new defences against those. So the phrase means defences that work as well as the weapons the caterpillar does not have.
Please log in or register to report this question.
Experienced birds do not attack the Himalayan caterpillars because they are
Answer: C
Correct answer: Inedible
The passage says the caterpillar's prominent colour informs would-be predators of its inedibility, and that a bird which does eat one vomits it and afterwards avoids similar species. Experience teaches the bird that the caterpillar cannot be eaten, not that it is dangerous or diseased.
Please log in or register to report this question.
The Himalayan caterpillar uses prominent colours to
Answer: A
Correct answer: warn the predator
The passage says it uses prominent colour to inform would-be predators of its inedibility. The colour carries a message rather than doing anything physical, which is why attack and defend both overstate it; and it is not merely revealing itself but telling the bird something.
Please log in or register to report this question.
Caterpillars cannot defend themselves because
Answer: D
Correct answer: have no claws or jaws
The passage says they have no means to actively defend themselves, with weapons like claws or jaws. The absence is anatomical, which is why the options about passivity, laziness or acquiring weapons all import a choice the passage does not describe.
Please log in or register to report this question.
In the context of this passage, a martyr is one who dies
Answer: D
Correct answer: To save others
The passage says the bird that eats one caterpillar afterwards avoids the whole species: though this would do the unfortunate victim no good, the species benefits. The individual dies and the others are spared, which is exactly what makes the word martyr apt here.
Please log in or register to report this question.
Courage is not only the basis of virtue; it is its expression. faith, hope, charity and all the rest don't become virtues until it takes courage to exercise them. There are roughly two types of courage. the first an emotional state which urges a man to risk injury or death, is physical courage. The second, more reasoning attitude which enables him to risk coolly his career, happiness, his whole future or his judgement of what he thinks either right or worthwhile, is moral courage.
I have known many men, who had marked physical courage, but lacked moral courage. Some of them were in high places, but they failed to be great in themselves because they lacked moral courage. On the other hand I have seen men who undoubtedly possessed moral courage but were very cautious about taking physical risks. But I have never met a man with moral courage who couldn't, when it was really necessary, face a situation boldly.
A man of courage is
Answer: D
Correct answer: Careful
The passage says of men with moral courage that they were very cautious about taking physical risks, and its highest praise is for the man who can face a situation boldly when it is really necessary. Courage here is judgement about when to act, not recklessness, and the passage never connects it with cunning, intelligence or curiosity.
Please log in or register to report this question.
Physical courage is an expression of
Answer: A
Correct answer: Emotions
The passage defines it as an emotional state which urges a man to risk injury or death, and sets it against moral courage, which it calls a more reasoning attitude. The two definitions are built on exactly that contrast.
Please log in or register to report this question.
A man with moral courage can
Answer: C
Correct answer: Face a situation boldly
The passage closes with the claim: I have never met a man with moral courage who couldn't, when it was really necessary, face a situation boldly. That is what the passage says moral courage guarantees; the other options promise more than it claims.
Please log in or register to report this question.
