Computer Fundamentals Questions and Answers

Answer: A

Correct answer: Control Unit

The control unit administers the system: it decodes each instruction and issues the timing and control signals that tell memory, the ALU and the input/output units what to do and when - directing work rather than performing it. The CPU is the larger unit that contains it, and the ALU is the part that actually calculates.

Answer: C

Correct answer: SAP

FTP, TCP and POP are internet protocols - for transferring files, for reliable transport, and for collecting mail from a server. SAP is a company and its enterprise resource planning software, not a protocol, so it is the odd one out.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Java

Java is a programming language and its runtime environment; it needs an operating system to run on. Windows NT, DOS and Unix are all operating systems - the software that manages the processor, memory, files and devices.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Param

PARAM 8000, built by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) in Pune and unveiled in 1991, was India’s first supercomputer - a parallel machine assembled after export restrictions blocked the purchase of one abroad. Agni is a missile and Flowsolver a piece of software.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Java

Google, AltaVista and Lycos are web search engines. Java is a programming language, so it does not belong with them.

Answer: C

Correct answer: GPSS

GPSS - General Purpose Simulation System - is built for discrete-event simulation: queues, servers, arrivals and delays are described directly, which is exactly what modelling a business activity requires. COBOL processes business data, and SPSS analyses statistics.

Answer: A

Correct answer: Fast data transmission rate

Fibre carries data as pulses of light through glass, and the enormous bandwidth of an optical carrier gives it a far higher transmission rate than copper - the reason it is chosen for backbone links. Its immunity to electrical noise and the difficulty of tapping it are genuine benefits too, but the headline advantage is speed.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Passwords

A password is the coded entry a user types to prove identity and gain access to a system; it is checked against a stored value, usually held as a hash rather than as the text itself. Code words, entry codes and security commands are not the standard term for this.

Answer: B

Correct answer: Syntax errors

A compiler checks the program against the grammar of the language, so it catches syntax errors - a missing semicolon, an unmatched bracket, an undeclared name - and refuses to produce code until they are fixed. A logical error breaks no rule of the language: the program compiles and runs, but computes the wrong thing, and only testing reveals it.

Answer: B

Correct answer: 128

Each bit is independently 0 or 1, so \( n \) bits give \( 2^n \) distinct patterns. With \( n = 7 \), \[ 2^7 = 128 \] patterns are available - which is exactly why 7-bit ASCII defines 128 characters. \( 2^6 = 64 \), \( 2^8 = 256 \) and \( 2^9 = 512 \) correspond to 6, 8 and 9 bits.