Educational Studies Questions and Answers

Answer: D

The correct pairing is Kaivalya with Jainism, Jivan Mukti with Vedanta, Nirvana with Buddhism and Anand with Panchkosh, which is the code iii iv ii i.

Kaivalya is the Jain state of perfect knowledge and isolation of the soul. Jivan Mukti, liberation while living, is a Vedantic ideal. Nirvana is the goal of Buddhism. Anand (bliss) is the innermost of the five sheaths, Anandamaya kosha, in the Panchkosh scheme of the Taittiriya Upanishad.

The other codes break at least one of these pairs, for example by linking Kaivalya with Buddhism or placing Nirvana in Islamic tradition.

Answer: A

Pedagogy of the Oppressed was written by Paulo Freire.

The Brazilian educator published it in 1968. It argues for dialogue, problem-posing education and conscientization as against the banking model, in which teachers deposit facts into passive students.

Bertrand Russell (option B) wrote on education and character, J. Krishnamurti (option C) on freedom in learning, and John Dewey (option D) on Democracy and Education. Only Freire wrote this book.

Answer: C

Ivan Illich is renowned for the idea of de-schooling society.

In Deschooling Society (1971) he argued that compulsory institutional schooling confuses attendance with learning and should be replaced by learning webs and networks that people use freely.

Life long learning (option A), life skill education (option B) and distance education (option D) are all real educational ideas, but none is the work for which Illich is known.

Answer: A

Rationalism was a movement that advocated a faith in the power of unaided reason. Rationalists held that reason, not authority, tradition or revelation, is the main source of knowledge and the test of truth, and in education this led to stress on thinking and understanding. Reconciling Church dogma with new science was the aim of scholastic and some reform thinkers, not rationalism as such. Substituting Aristotelian authority for the Church would replace one authority with another, which is the opposite of the rationalist position, so the other options are wrong.

Answer: A

The educative experience is desirable to the pragmatist only if, on the whole, it is acceptable to the pupil. Pragmatism, as in Dewey's work, judges an experience by its meaning and growth for the learner, so the pupil's acceptance and interest matter. The realist looks at the nature of the world and what is real, not pleasure. The idealist's concern is the development of the spirit and the self, not immediate goals, and reconstructionism looks to social change, not earning a living. Only the first option matches its school of thought.

Answer: B

Samyak Samkalpa, right determination, is not an aim of education in Jain philosophy. The Jain triratna is right faith, samyak darshan, right knowledge, samyak jnana, and right conduct, samyak charitra, and education is meant to develop these three together for liberation. Right determination belongs to the Buddhist eightfold path as samma sankappa. Since the other three options are the jewels of Jainism, only the determination option is not an aim of education in that system.