State, Politics and Development Questions and Answers

Answer: B

The matching is a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2. Equity means a fair distribution of the benefits of development, anti-poverty means income generation programmes, efficiency means effective use of all factors of production and empowerment is the rights-based approach.

The other codes swap these, for example putting efficiency against income generation, which fails.

These pairs come from the development planning literature on approaches to women's development, where equity, anti-poverty, efficiency and empowerment are the standard headings, each with its typical strategy.

Answer: C

The process of social change to which people attribute positive values is termed development.

Globalisation and urbanisation are processes that may be judged good or bad, and economic growth is a measure of rising output that does not by itself carry a value judgement. Development implies change seen as desirable.

Economic growth only measures the rise of output, and globalisation and urbanisation are processes that can be judged good or bad, whereas development is always understood as change in a desired direction.