Microbial Genetics Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following is concerned with the management and analysis of biological data using computers?

Correct answer: BioinformaticsA single bacterial genome is millions of bases and a comparison spans many genomes, so the analysis is only possible by computer. Bioinformatics supplies the databases, the alignment and search algorithms, and the statistical methods, and it has become inseparable from the experimental work it serves.

Q: Which type of genomics studies the transcripts and proteins expressed by a genome?

Correct answer: Functional genomicsFunctional genomics asks what the genome does rather than what it contains: which genes are transcribed under which conditions, and which proteins result. Transcriptomics and proteomics are its two principal approaches, and both compare states rather than describing a single one.

Q: Which of the following is the study of the molecular organization of genomes, their information content and the gene products they encode?

Correct answer: GenomicsGenomics takes the whole genome as its unit - its organisation, its information content and the products it encodes - where classical genetics worked gene by gene. That change of scale is what the availability of complete sequences made possible.

Q: The word, used for the small solid supports onto which are spotted hundreds of thousands of tiny drops of DNA that can be used to screen gene expression, is

Correct answer: DNA microarraysA microarray carries thousands of DNA spots on a slide, and labelled sample nucleic acid hybridises to whichever spots match it. The pattern of binding shows which genes are being expressed, so the transcription of a whole genome can be surveyed in one experiment.

Q: Which of the following organisms has the smallest genome?

Correct answer: M. genitaliumMycoplasma genitalium has about 580,000 base pairs and some 470 genes, among the smallest of any cell able to replicate independently. Its economy comes from parasitism - it takes most of what it needs from its host - which is why it has been used to investigate the minimum gene set for life.

Q: Studies of similarities and differences among the genomes of multiple organisms is carried out in

Correct answer: comparative genomicsComparing genomes shows what is conserved and therefore probably essential, what differs and therefore accounts for the differences between organisms, and what has been acquired horizontally. It is how function is inferred for genes nobody has studied experimentally.

21.

Which of the following is concerned with the management and analysis of biological data using computers?

A.Bio-physics
B.Bioinformatics
C.Genomics
D.Biomechanics

Answer: B

Correct answer: Bioinformatics

A single bacterial genome is millions of bases and a comparison spans many genomes, so the analysis is only possible by computer. Bioinformatics supplies the databases, the alignment and search algorithms, and the statistical methods, and it has become inseparable from the experimental work it serves.

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22.

Which type of genomics studies the transcripts and proteins expressed by a genome?

A.Comparative genomics
B.Structural genomics
C.Proteo genomics
D.Functional genomics

Answer: D

Correct answer: Functional genomics

Functional genomics asks what the genome does rather than what it contains: which genes are transcribed under which conditions, and which proteins result. Transcriptomics and proteomics are its two principal approaches, and both compare states rather than describing a single one.

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23.

Which of the following is the study of the molecular organization of genomes, their information content and the gene products they encode?

A.Genetics
B.Ergonomics
C.Genomics
D.Bioinformatics

Answer: C

Correct answer: Genomics

Genomics takes the whole genome as its unit - its organisation, its information content and the products it encodes - where classical genetics worked gene by gene. That change of scale is what the availability of complete sequences made possible.

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24.

The word, used for the small solid supports onto which are spotted hundreds of thousands of tiny drops of DNA that can be used to screen gene expression, is

A.southern blot
B.cloning library
C.DNA microarrays
D.northern blot

Answer: C

Correct answer: DNA microarrays

A microarray carries thousands of DNA spots on a slide, and labelled sample nucleic acid hybridises to whichever spots match it. The pattern of binding shows which genes are being expressed, so the transcription of a whole genome can be surveyed in one experiment.

Discuss in Forum

25.

Which of the following organisms has the smallest genome?

A.H. influenzae
B.M. genitalium
C.M. tuberculosis
D.None of these

Answer: B

Correct answer: M. genitalium

Mycoplasma genitalium has about 580,000 base pairs and some 470 genes, among the smallest of any cell able to replicate independently. Its economy comes from parasitism - it takes most of what it needs from its host - which is why it has been used to investigate the minimum gene set for life.

Discuss in Forum

26.

Studies of similarities and differences among the genomes of multiple organisms is carried out in

A.comparative genomics
B.proteomics
C.functional genomics
D.structural genomics

Answer: A

Correct answer: comparative genomics

Comparing genomes shows what is conserved and therefore probably essential, what differs and therefore accounts for the differences between organisms, and what has been acquired horizontally. It is how function is inferred for genes nobody has studied experimentally.

Discuss in Forum

27.

Why Deinococcus radiodurans is able to survive massive exposure to radiation?

A.Because it produces a thick shell which acts as a shield from the radiation
B.Because it has unique DNA repair mechanisms
C.Because its cellwall contains radioactive elements
D.Because it has many copies of genes encoding DNA repair

Answer: D

Correct answer: Because it has many copies of genes encoding DNA repair

Deinococcus radiodurans survives doses that shatter its chromosome into hundreds of fragments, and reassembles it within hours. Multiple genome copies provide the templates and an unusually efficient repair apparatus does the work - the resistance lies in repair rather than in any shielding.

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Microbial Genetics Questions and Answers

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