Match the following pairs :Types of FarmingAreas/RegionsA. Shifting cultivationI. Semi-arid and arid regionsB. Commercial grain farmingII. Thickly populated areasC. Intensive subsistence agricultureIII. Thickly forested areasD. Nomadic herdingIV. Temperate GrasslandsChoose the correct option :

The correct option is A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I.Shifting cultivation is practised in thickly forested areas, where a plot is cleared by slash and burn.Commercial grain farming is practised in the temperate grasslands, such as the prairies and steppes.Intensive subsistence agriculture is practised in thickly populated areas, such as the monsoon regions of Asia.Nomadic herding is practised in semi-arid and arid regions.Options A, C and D each place shifting cultivation or nomadic herding in the wrong kind of region.

Economic Activities and Regional Development Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following means of transport is cheapest for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances ?

The cheapest means is waterways.Water transport needs no tracks or roads to be built and maintained, and ships and barges can carry very large loads using comparatively little fuel. That makes waterways the cheapest way to move heavy and bulky goods such as coal, ores, grain and machinery over long distances, which is why most international trade goes by sea.Railways are also suited to bulky goods but cost more than waterways. Roadways are best for short distances, and airways are the fastest but the most expensive, used for light, valuable or perishable goods.

Q: Which of the following are correctly matched ?Agricultural PracticesDescription(A) Subsistence FarmingPracticed to meet the needs of farmer's own family(B) Intensive Subsistence AgriculturePrevalent in the thickly populated areas(C) Shifting CultivationPeople and animals move from place to placeChoose the correct option.

Pairs A and B are correctly matched, so the answer is (A) and (B).Subsistence farming is practised to meet the needs of the farmer's own family (A). Intensive subsistence agriculture, in which a small plot is farmed with simple tools and much labour, is prevalent in thickly populated areas such as the monsoon regions of south, south-east and east Asia (B).Pair C is wrong. Shifting cultivation means clearing a patch of forest by slashing and burning, growing crops on it for a few years and then moving to a new patch. 'People and animals move from place to place' describes nomadic herding, in which herders move with their animals in search of pasture. So the options including C are wrong.

Q: Consider the following statements (A) and (R) and choose the correct option.(A) : The Prairies are also known as the 'Granaries of the world'.(R) : Scientific methods of cultivation and use of tractors, harvesters and combines has made South Africa a surplus food producer.

(A) is true but (R) is false.The temperate grasslands of North America, the Prairies, produce such a large surplus of wheat that they are known as the 'Granaries of the world', so A is true.Statement R names the wrong region. Scientific methods of cultivation and the use of tractors, harvesters and combines have made North America a surplus food producer. South Africa's Velds are known more for sheep and cattle rearing and for mining, so R is false as written. That rules out both options that call R true, and 'Both (A) and (R) are false', since A is true.

Q: Which of the following statements is incorrect about roadways as a means of transport?

The incorrect statement is Roadways are the cheapest for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances.For heavy, bulky goods over long distances, waterways are the cheapest means of transport, and railways are also cheaper than roads for such loads. Roads are costly per tonne over long hauls.The other statements are correct. Roads are the most commonly used means of transport, especially for short distances. Roads built underground are called subways or underpaths. And the plains, being level and densely populated, have a dense network of roads, while mountains, deserts and forests have few.

Q: Read the following statements :A. Pittsburgh was once an important steel city of the United States of America.R. Iron ore was available in plenty in Pittsburgh and coal came from the mines at Minnesota.Choose the correct option.

A is true but R is false, so the answer is A is true but R is false.Pittsburgh was once an important steel city of the USA. The NCERT case study explains why: coal was available locally, while the iron ore came from the mines at Minnesota, brought in by water. Its position on the rivers and the railways gave it cheap transport for both raw materials and steel.R reverses the two raw materials: it says the iron ore was local and the coal came from Minnesota. That makes R false, so it cannot explain A, which rules out the first two options, and A itself is true, which rules out 'Both A and R are false'.

Q: Choose the correct crop based on the statements given below :A. It grows well on alluvial soil.B. It requires high temperature to grow well.C. It requires heavy rainfall and humid climate.D. Bangladesh is one of the leading producers of this crop.

The crop is jute.The four statements are the textbook description of jute: it grows well on alluvial soil, needs high temperature and heavy rainfall with a humid climate, and India and Bangladesh are the leading producers, Bangladesh being second only to India in the world. Jute is called the golden fibre and is grown mainly in the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta.Rice shares many of these needs and Bangladesh grows a great deal of it, but the paper's statements follow the textbook account of jute, in which Bangladesh is singled out as a leading producer, and the key takes that reading. Wheat needs moderate temperature and rainfall, and maize needs moderate temperature and well-drained soil, so neither fits the heavy rainfall and humidity in C.

Q: Which region has the practice of shifting cultivation in India?

Shifting cultivation is practised in the north-eastern region.Shifting cultivation, known as jhum in the North-East, involves clearing a patch of forest by slash and burn, cultivating it for a few years and moving on when the soil loses fertility. It is widely practised by tribal communities in the hill states of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh, and EVS textbooks describe it there.It also occurs in parts of central and eastern India, but the southern and north-western regions are not known for it, and the north-eastern region is where it is most characteristic.

Q: Which means of transport is extremely useful in most inaccessible areas and in time of calamities for rescuing people and distributing food, water, clothes and medicines?

The most useful means is airways.Aircraft and helicopters need no roads, rails or navigable water, so they can reach mountains, deserts, dense forests and flood-hit areas that are otherwise cut off. In disasters such as floods and earthquakes they are used to rescue people and drop food, water, clothes and medicines.Railways and roadways depend on tracks and roads, which are often missing in remote areas or destroyed in a calamity, and waterways are limited to rivers, canals and the sea.

Q: Which one of the following is a non-conventional source of energy?

The non-conventional source is solar energy.Non-conventional (renewable) sources are those that came into wide use relatively recently and are replenished naturally: solar, wind, tidal, geothermal energy and biogas. Solar energy from the sun is inexhaustible and pollution-free.Firewood, coal and natural gas are conventional sources that have been used for a long time. Coal and natural gas are fossil fuels that cannot be replaced once used, and firewood use depletes forests.

Match the following pairs :

Types of Farming	Areas/Regions
A. Shifting cultivation	I. Semi-arid and arid regions
B. Commercial grain farming	II. Thickly populated areas
C. Intensive subsistence agriculture	III. Thickly forested areas
D. Nomadic herding	IV. Temperate Grasslands

Choose the correct option :

A.A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
B.A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
C.A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
D.A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2023,

Answer: B

The correct option is A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I.

Shifting cultivation is practised in thickly forested areas, where a plot is cleared by slash and burn.
Commercial grain farming is practised in the temperate grasslands, such as the prairies and steppes.
Intensive subsistence agriculture is practised in thickly populated areas, such as the monsoon regions of Asia.
Nomadic herding is practised in semi-arid and arid regions.

Options A, C and D each place shifting cultivation or nomadic herding in the wrong kind of region.

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Which of the following means of transport is cheapest for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances ?

A.Waterways
B.Railways
C.Airways
D.Roadways

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2023,

Answer: A

The cheapest means is waterways.

Water transport needs no tracks or roads to be built and maintained, and ships and barges can carry very large loads using comparatively little fuel. That makes waterways the cheapest way to move heavy and bulky goods such as coal, ores, grain and machinery over long distances, which is why most international trade goes by sea.

Railways are also suited to bulky goods but cost more than waterways. Roadways are best for short distances, and airways are the fastest but the most expensive, used for light, valuable or perishable goods.

Discuss in Forum

Which of the following are correctly matched ?

Agricultural Practices	Description
(A) Subsistence Farming	Practiced to meet the needs of farmer's own family
(B) Intensive Subsistence Agriculture	Prevalent in the thickly populated areas
(C) Shifting Cultivation	People and animals move from place to place

Choose the correct option.

A.All (A), (B) and (C)
B.(A) and (B)
C.(B) and (C)
D.(A) and (C)

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: B

Pairs A and B are correctly matched, so the answer is (A) and (B).

Subsistence farming is practised to meet the needs of the farmer's own family (A). Intensive subsistence agriculture, in which a small plot is farmed with simple tools and much labour, is prevalent in thickly populated areas such as the monsoon regions of south, south-east and east Asia (B).

Pair C is wrong. Shifting cultivation means clearing a patch of forest by slashing and burning, growing crops on it for a few years and then moving to a new patch. 'People and animals move from place to place' describes nomadic herding, in which herders move with their animals in search of pasture. So the options including C are wrong.

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Consider the following statements (A) and (R) and choose the correct option.

(A) : The Prairies are also known as the 'Granaries of the world'.
(R) : Scientific methods of cultivation and use of tractors, harvesters and combines has made South Africa a surplus food producer.

A.Both (A) and (R) are false
B.Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
C.Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
D.(A) is true but (R) is false

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: D

(A) is true but (R) is false.

The temperate grasslands of North America, the Prairies, produce such a large surplus of wheat that they are known as the 'Granaries of the world', so A is true.

Statement R names the wrong region. Scientific methods of cultivation and the use of tractors, harvesters and combines have made North America a surplus food producer. South Africa's Velds are known more for sheep and cattle rearing and for mining, so R is false as written. That rules out both options that call R true, and 'Both (A) and (R) are false', since A is true.

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Which of the following statements is incorrect about roadways as a means of transport?

A.It is the most commonly used means of transport especially for short distances.
B.Roads built underground are called subways/underpaths.
C.The plains have a dense network of roads.
D.Roadways are the cheapest for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances.

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: D

The incorrect statement is Roadways are the cheapest for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances.

For heavy, bulky goods over long distances, waterways are the cheapest means of transport, and railways are also cheaper than roads for such loads. Roads are costly per tonne over long hauls.

The other statements are correct. Roads are the most commonly used means of transport, especially for short distances. Roads built underground are called subways or underpaths. And the plains, being level and densely populated, have a dense network of roads, while mountains, deserts and forests have few.

Discuss in Forum

Read the following statements :

A. Pittsburgh was once an important steel city of the United States of America.
R. Iron ore was available in plenty in Pittsburgh and coal came from the mines at Minnesota.

Choose the correct option.

A.Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B.Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C.A is true but R is false.
D.Both A and R are false.

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: C

A is true but R is false, so the answer is A is true but R is false.

Pittsburgh was once an important steel city of the USA. The NCERT case study explains why: coal was available locally, while the iron ore came from the mines at Minnesota, brought in by water. Its position on the rivers and the railways gave it cheap transport for both raw materials and steel.

R reverses the two raw materials: it says the iron ore was local and the coal came from Minnesota. That makes R false, so it cannot explain A, which rules out the first two options, and A itself is true, which rules out 'Both A and R are false'.

Discuss in Forum

Choose the correct crop based on the statements given below :

A. It grows well on alluvial soil.
B. It requires high temperature to grow well.
C. It requires heavy rainfall and humid climate.
D. Bangladesh is one of the leading producers of this crop.

A.Rice
B.Jute
C.Maize
D.Wheat

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2024,

Answer: B

The crop is jute.

The four statements are the textbook description of jute: it grows well on alluvial soil, needs high temperature and heavy rainfall with a humid climate, and India and Bangladesh are the leading producers, Bangladesh being second only to India in the world. Jute is called the golden fibre and is grown mainly in the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta.

Rice shares many of these needs and Bangladesh grows a great deal of it, but the paper's statements follow the textbook account of jute, in which Bangladesh is singled out as a leading producer, and the key takes that reading. Wheat needs moderate temperature and rainfall, and maize needs moderate temperature and well-drained soil, so neither fits the heavy rainfall and humidity in C.

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Which region has the practice of shifting cultivation in India?

A.North-eastern region
B.Southern region
C.North-western region
D.South-eastern region

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2018,

Answer: A

Shifting cultivation is practised in the north-eastern region.

Shifting cultivation, known as jhum in the North-East, involves clearing a patch of forest by slash and burn, cultivating it for a few years and moving on when the soil loses fertility. It is widely practised by tribal communities in the hill states of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh, and EVS textbooks describe it there.

It also occurs in parts of central and eastern India, but the southern and north-western regions are not known for it, and the north-eastern region is where it is most characteristic.

Discuss in Forum

Which means of transport is extremely useful in most inaccessible areas and in time of calamities for rescuing people and distributing food, water, clothes and medicines?

A.Airways
B.Railways
C.Roadways
D.Waterways

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2018,

Answer: A

The most useful means is airways.

Aircraft and helicopters need no roads, rails or navigable water, so they can reach mountains, deserts, dense forests and flood-hit areas that are otherwise cut off. In disasters such as floods and earthquakes they are used to rescue people and drop food, water, clothes and medicines.

Railways and roadways depend on tracks and roads, which are often missing in remote areas or destroyed in a calamity, and waterways are limited to rivers, canals and the sea.

Discuss in Forum

10.

Which one of the following is a non-conventional source of energy?

A.Firewood
B.Natural gas
C.Solar energy
D.Coal

Exam Year(s)

CTET - 2018,

Answer: C

The non-conventional source is solar energy.

Non-conventional (renewable) sources are those that came into wide use relatively recently and are replenished naturally: solar, wind, tidal, geothermal energy and biogas. Solar energy from the sun is inexhaustible and pollution-free.

Firewood, coal and natural gas are conventional sources that have been used for a long time. Coal and natural gas are fossil fuels that cannot be replaced once used, and firewood use depletes forests.

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