Nutritional Deficiency Disorders Questions and Answers

Q: The fortificant used in iodized salt is

The fortificant used in iodised salt is potassium iodate.Under the Indian programme the salt is fortified with potassium iodate, since it is much more stable than potassium iodide in the heat, humidity and impurities of tropical storage and transport. Potassium iodide loses iodine by oxidation and volatilisation, which is why it is no longer preferred. Sodium iodide and sodium iodate are not the compounds used in the national programme.

31.

Match deficiency diseases from List - I with their symptoms in List - II.

List - I	List - II
a. Rickets	i. Delirium
b. Fluorosis	ii. Parasthesia
c. Beri beri	iii. Mottled teeth
d. Pallegra	iv. Kyphosis
	v. Polyurea

A.v iii i ii
B.iii iv v i
C.iv iii v i
D.iv iii ii i

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Rickets, a vitamin D deficiency, causes bone deformities such as kyphosis (iv). Fluorosis from excess fluoride causes mottled teeth (iii). Beriberi, due to thiamine deficiency, causes paraesthesia, a tingling in the limbs (ii), and pellagra, due to niacin deficiency, causes delirium (i). So the code is iv, iii, ii, i. Polyuria (v) is a sign of diabetes and is left over. Option A fails at the first pair, where it joins rickets with polyuria and not with kyphosis. Option B fails at the first pair, where it joins rickets with mottled teeth and not with kyphosis. Option C fails at the first pair, where it joins beriberi with polyuria and not with paraesthesia.

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32.

Which of the following are not deficiency diseases ?

(a) Xerophthalmia
(b) Dyslipidemia
(c) Osteomalacia
(d) Keratomalacia
(e) Anorexia Nervosa

A.(a) & (c)
B.(a) & (b)
C.(b) & (e)
D.(d) & (e)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The question asks for the conditions that are not deficiency diseases. Xerophthalmia and keratomalacia come from a lack of vitamin A, and osteomalacia comes from a lack of vitamin D or calcium, so (a), (c) and (d) are deficiency diseases. Dyslipidemia is an abnormality of the blood lipids and anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder of psychological origin, so (b) and (e) are the two that are not. The answer is (b) and (e), option (C); the other options each include a vitamin deficiency disease.

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33.

The fortificant used in iodized salt is

A.Sodium iodide
B.Potassium iodate
C.Sodium iodate
D.Potassium iodide

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

The fortificant used in iodised salt is potassium iodate.

Under the Indian programme the salt is fortified with potassium iodate, since it is much more stable than potassium iodide in the heat, humidity and impurities of tropical storage and transport. Potassium iodide loses iodine by oxidation and volatilisation, which is why it is no longer preferred. Sodium iodide and sodium iodate are not the compounds used in the national programme.

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34.

Give the sequential order of the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency.

I. Night Blindness
II. Keratinization
III. Xerophthalmia
IV. Keratomalacia
Codes :

A.I, III, II, IV
B.I, II, IV, III
C.I, II, III, IV
D.II, III, IV, I

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: A

The key gives the order of symptoms of vitamin A deficiency as night blindness (I), xerophthalmia (III), keratinization (II) and keratomalacia (IV). Night blindness is the earliest symptom, since the rod pigment rhodopsin is affected first.

The eye then becomes dry and the conjunctiva thickens, the cornea is affected, and the final and most serious stage is keratomalacia, which can lead to blindness. The other codes begin with a later stage or place keratomalacia before the earlier ones.

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35.

Anaemia caused by Vitamin B-12 deficiency is

A.Megaloblastic
B.Pernicious
C.Sickle cell
D.All the above

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

Anaemia caused by vitamin B-12 deficiency is called pernicious anaemia in the form the key accepts. Vitamin B-12 needs intrinsic factor from the stomach to be absorbed, and when that factor is missing or the vitamin is lacking, red cell maturation fails and the cells are large and few. Sickle cell anaemia is an inherited haemoglobin defect and has nothing to do with B-12. The official key picks pernicious, and although the red cells are also megaloblastic in appearance, the option 'all the above' is wrong because sickle cell is included in it.

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36.

Infestation of which worm is responsible for the cause of anaemia is rural population ?

A.Round worm
B.Hook worm
C.Thread worm
D.Tape worm

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: B

Hookworm infestation is responsible for anaemia in the rural population. The worm attaches to the wall of the small intestine and feeds on blood, so persistent blood loss follows, and in barefoot populations that pick the larvae up from the soil it is a major cause of iron deficiency anaemia.

Roundworm, threadworm and tapeworm live in the gut but do not suck blood in the same way, so they are less important as causes of anaemia.

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37.

Arrange the sequence of symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency

a. Blindness
b. Xerosis of conjuctiva
c. Xerosis of cornea
d. Night Blindness
e. Bitot spot
Codes :

A.a, b, c, d, e
B.d, e, b, c, a
C.b, c, a, e, d
D.d, b, c, e, a

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: B

The correct sequence of the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency is night blindness (d), Bitot spot (e), xerosis of conjunctiva (b), xerosis of cornea (c) and blindness (a). The deficiency first shows as an inability to see in dim light, then changes in the conjunctiva, then in the cornea, and in the end permanent blindness.

The sequences that begin with blindness, or place xerosis of the cornea before that of the conjunctiva, reverse the progress of the disease.

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38.

Match the deficiency diseases from List-I with their symptoms in List-II.

List-I	List-II
a. Xerophthalmia	i. Glossitis
b. Beri Beri	ii. Koilonychia
c. Ariboflavinosis	iii. Bow legs
d. Pellagra	iv. Keratomalacia
e. Anaemia	v. Petechial haemorrhages
f. Rickets	vi. Diarrhoea and Dementia
g. Scurvy	vii. Neuropathy

A.a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv, e-v, f-vi, g-vii
B.a-ii, b-iv, c-vii, d-v, e-iii, f-i, g-vi
C.a-iv, b-v, c-vii, d-vi, e-iii, f-i, g-ii
D.a-iv, b-vii, c-i, d-vi, e-ii, f-iii, g-v

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2014,

Answer: D

The correct matching is xerophthalmia with keratomalacia, beri beri with neuropathy, ariboflavinosis with glossitis, pellagra with diarrhoea and dementia, anaemia with koilonychia, rickets with bow legs and scurvy with petechial haemorrhages. This is the code a-iv, b-vii, c-i, d-vi, e-ii, f-iii, g-v.

The other codes pair the vitamin deficiency with a symptom of another one, for instance giving glossitis to xerophthalmia.

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