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Indian Geography Questions and Answers

301.

Wainganga river is a tributary of:

Answer: B

The Wainganga is a tributary of the Godavari.

It rises in the Satpuras in Madhya Pradesh and joins the Wardha to form the Pranhita, which then joins the Godavari. The Pranhita is the Godavari's largest tributary by volume.

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302.

Which Indian state shares its borders with the largest number of other states?

Answer: C

Correct answer: Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh borders eight states - Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Bihar - along with the union territory of Delhi and the international boundary with Nepal. Assam is the usual rival answer, bordering seven states: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya and West Bengal, plus Bhutan and Bangladesh. It is the state that connects the rest of the northeast to the country. Madhya Pradesh borders five and Maharashtra six. The figure changed in 2000, when Uttarakhand, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh were created and several states acquired new neighbours. A related question worth being ready for is which state has the longest border with a single neighbouring country: West Bengal with Bangladesh, and Jammu and Kashmir with Pakistan among the older divisions.

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303.

The index which refers to moisture deficit or surplus in a area is called:

Answer: A

It is the moisture index.

Thornthwaite defined it from the difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration: a positive value means surplus and a humid climate, a negative one deficit and an arid climate. It is the basis of his climatic classification.

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304.

The average rainfall in India is about:

Answer: B

India's average annual rainfall is about 125 cm.

The distribution is extremely uneven: Mawsynram receives nearly 1,200 cm and western Rajasthan under 20. That variability, and the concentration into four monsoon months, matters far more than the average.

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305.

The modern iron and steel industry in India had its beginning in 1870 when Bengal Iron Works Company was established in:

Answer: A

It began at Kulti in Bengal.

The Bengal Iron Works Company set up its plant there in 1870, near the Raniganj coalfield. It was the first successful modern iron works in India, though large-scale steel had to wait for Tata's Jamshedpur plant in 1907.

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306.

The Mountain system of Alps, Carpathians, Transylvanian, Balkans are located in:

Answer: C

These ranges are in Europe.

The Alps, Carpathians, Transylvanian Alps and Balkans form a connected system of young fold mountains across southern and central Europe, raised by the collision of the African plate with the Eurasian - the same event that closed the Tethys Sea.

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Answer: D

It is a joint undertaking of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

The Tungabhadra dam at Hospet, completed in 1953, irrigates parts of both states and generates power. The Tungabhadra is the largest tributary of the Krishna.

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308.

Which of these is a Ramsar site, designated as a wetland of international importance?

Answer: A

Correct answer: Chilika Lake

Chilika Lake in Odisha was among the first Ramsar sites designated in India, in 1981, along with Keoladeo in Rajasthan. The Ramsar Convention, signed at Ramsar in Iran in 1971, is an international treaty for the conservation and wise use of wetlands. India has designated a large and growing number of sites under it. Chilika is the largest brackish-water lagoon in India and the second largest coastal lagoon in the world. It supports over a million migratory birds in winter, arriving from as far as Siberia and the Caspian, and a resident population of Irrawaddy dolphins. It was placed on the Montreux Record of threatened sites in 1993 because of siltation and shrinkage, and removed in 2002 after restoration - the first Asian site to be taken off. The other three are protected areas under different designations: Kaziranga and Sundarbans are national parks and World Heritage sites, and Gir is a wildlife sanctuary.

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309.

Which of these is the deepest and most important natural harbour on India’s east coast?

Answer: A

Correct answer: Visakhapatnam

Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh is the deepest natural harbour on the east coast and among the busiest ports in India. It handles iron ore, coal, petroleum and general cargo, and it is the headquarters of the Indian Navy’s Eastern Naval Command as well as the site of a major shipbuilding yard and a steel plant. Its depth matters because the east coast is generally shallow and straight, with few natural inlets - unlike the west coast, which is indented and offers Mumbai, Marmagao and Kochi. Chennai is one of the oldest ports in India but is an artificial harbour, built out into the sea because the coast offered no shelter. Paradip in Odisha is a deep-water port developed for iron ore and coal, and Tuticorin, now Thoothukudi, serves southern Tamil Nadu. India has thirteen major ports, roughly divided between the two coasts, and about 95 per cent of the country’s trade by volume moves through them.

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310.

The largest mangrove forest in the world is located in:

Answer: B

The largest mangrove forest is in West Bengal.

The Sundarbans, shared with Bangladesh, cover about 10,000 sq km in the delta of the Ganga, Brahmaputra and Meghna. The name comes from the sundari tree, and the forest is the last stronghold of the Royal Bengal tiger in a mangrove habitat.

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