Match the following :a. Bacteriology1. The study of parasitesb. Mycology2. The study of protozoac. Protozoology3. The study of fungid. Parasitology4. The study of BacteriaChoose the most appropriate option from below :

The correct matching is a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1.Bacteriology is the study of bacteria.Mycology (Greek mykes, fungus) is the study of fungi.Protozoology is the study of protozoa.Parasitology is the study of parasites.Each name carries its own subject, so the matching can be read straight off the words. Every other code pairs at least one branch with the wrong organisms, for example mycology with protozoa.

Micro Organisms Questions and Answers

Q: The most important region in the atmosphere for microbial dispersal is :

The most important region is the troposphere.The troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere up to about 10-15 km, holds most of the air's moisture, dust and convection currents. Bacterial cells, fungal spores, pollen and viruses lifted by wind and rising air are carried long distances here and are deposited by rain, so nearly all airborne dispersal of microbes takes place in this layer.Microbes do reach the stratosphere, but in small numbers and under intense UV radiation. The ionosphere lies far higher still, and 'strato-ionosphere' is not a layer.

Q: Which free living microorganisms occupy a niche to feed primarily on organic detritus from dead organisms and unable to adapt to the body of live host ?

These are obligate saprobic microorganisms.Saprobes (saprophytes) feed on dead organic matter, secreting enzymes to digest detritus and absorbing the products. An obligate saprobe lives only in this way and cannot adapt to a living host.Parasites live on a living host, and facultative parasites can live either as saprobes or as parasites, so both can use a live host. Auxotrophs are mutants that require a nutrient the wild type can make; the term describes nutritional requirements, not where an organism feeds.

Q: Alcohol is produced with the help of

Correct answer: yeastYeast ferments sugar to ethanol and carbon dioxide in the absence of air. It is the basis of every alcoholic drink, and the same organism, used aerobically, makes bread rise - the difference being whether the CO2 or the alcohol is the product wanted.

Q: Which of the following drugs is an antipyretic?

Correct answer: ParacetamolAn antipyretic reduces fever, and paracetamol is the commonest - it acts on the hypothalamic centre that sets body temperature. Insulin controls blood glucose and streptomycin is an antibiotic.

Q: What helps in the rise of bread or dosa dough?

Correct answer: Growth of yeast cellsDough rises because yeast in it ferments the sugars and releases carbon dioxide, which is trapped as bubbles in the gluten network. (In dosa batter the same job is done by wild yeasts and lactic acid bacteria, which also give it the sour taste.)

Q: The status of algae in the aquatic food chain is

Correct answer: producersAlgae photosynthesise, so they make their own food from CO2 and sunlight and stand at the base of the aquatic food chain as producers. Everything else in the water ultimately depends on them - and on the oxygen they release, which is a large share of the world’s supply.

Q: Rod-shaped bacteria are called

Correct answer: BacillusRod-shaped bacteria are bacilli. Spherical ones are cocci, comma-shaped ones vibrios, and rigid helical ones spirilla. Note that bacillus describes the shape, while Bacillus with a capital is a particular genus.

Q: The bacteria present in the root nodules of pea are

Correct answer: RhizobiumRhizobium lives in the root nodules of legumes such as pea, gram and beans, fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a form the plant can use; the plant supplies it with sugars in return. That symbiosis is why legumes enrich the soil and why they are used in crop rotation.

Q: Which of these microorganisms contains chlorophyll?

Correct answer: AlgaeAlgae contain chlorophyll and photosynthesise. Fungi have none - they absorb organic nutrients - and viruses are not cells at all.

Match the following :

a. Bacteriology	1. The study of parasites
b. Mycology	2. The study of protozoa
c. Protozoology	3. The study of fungi
d. Parasitology	4. The study of Bacteria

Choose the most appropriate option from below :

A.a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4
B.a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1
C.a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2
D.a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3

Exam Year(s)

RSMSSB - 2025, RSMSSB Lab Technician - 2025,

Answer: B

The correct matching is a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1.

Bacteriology is the study of bacteria.
Mycology (Greek mykes, fungus) is the study of fungi.
Protozoology is the study of protozoa.
Parasitology is the study of parasites.

Each name carries its own subject, so the matching can be read straight off the words. Every other code pairs at least one branch with the wrong organisms, for example mycology with protozoa.

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The most important region in the atmosphere for microbial dispersal is :

A.Stratosphere
B.Troposphere
C.Ionosphere
D.Strato-ionosphere

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2019, SET Exam - 2019,

Answer: B

The most important region is the troposphere.

The troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere up to about 10-15 km, holds most of the air's moisture, dust and convection currents. Bacterial cells, fungal spores, pollen and viruses lifted by wind and rising air are carried long distances here and are deposited by rain, so nearly all airborne dispersal of microbes takes place in this layer.

Microbes do reach the stratosphere, but in small numbers and under intense UV radiation. The ionosphere lies far higher still, and 'strato-ionosphere' is not a layer.

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Which free living microorganisms occupy a niche to feed primarily on organic detritus from dead organisms and unable to adapt to the body of live host ?

A.Obligate saprobic microorganisms
B.Parasitic microorganisms
C.Facultative parasitic microorganisms
D.Auxotrophic microorganisms

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2024, SET Exam - 2024,

Answer: A

These are obligate saprobic microorganisms.

Saprobes (saprophytes) feed on dead organic matter, secreting enzymes to digest detritus and absorbing the products. An obligate saprobe lives only in this way and cannot adapt to a living host.

Parasites live on a living host, and facultative parasites can live either as saprobes or as parasites, so both can use a live host. Auxotrophs are mutants that require a nutrient the wild type can make; the term describes nutritional requirements, not where an organism feeds.

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Alcohol is produced with the help of

A.sodium chloride
B.yeast
C.nitrogen
D.carbon dioxide

Answer: B

Correct answer: yeast

Yeast ferments sugar to ethanol and carbon dioxide in the absence of air. It is the basis of every alcoholic drink, and the same organism, used aerobically, makes bread rise - the difference being whether the CO₂ or the alcohol is the product wanted.

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Which of the following drugs is an antipyretic?

A.Insulin
B.Alcohol
C.Streptomycin
D.Paracetamol

Answer: D

Correct answer: Paracetamol

An antipyretic reduces fever, and paracetamol is the commonest - it acts on the hypothalamic centre that sets body temperature. Insulin controls blood glucose and streptomycin is an antibiotic.

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What helps in the rise of bread or dosa dough?

A.Heat
B.Grinding
C.Growth of yeast cells
D.Low pressure

Answer: C

Correct answer: Growth of yeast cells

Dough rises because yeast in it ferments the sugars and releases carbon dioxide, which is trapped as bubbles in the gluten network. (In dosa batter the same job is done by wild yeasts and lactic acid bacteria, which also give it the sour taste.)

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The status of algae in the aquatic food chain is

A.consumers
B.producers
C.host
D.small in size

Answer: B

Correct answer: producers

Algae photosynthesise, so they make their own food from CO₂ and sunlight and stand at the base of the aquatic food chain as producers. Everything else in the water ultimately depends on them - and on the oxygen they release, which is a large share of the world’s supply.

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Rod-shaped bacteria are called

A.Bacillus
B.Coccus
C.Vibrio
D.Spirillum

Answer: A

Correct answer: Bacillus

Rod-shaped bacteria are bacilli. Spherical ones are cocci, comma-shaped ones vibrios, and rigid helical ones spirilla. Note that bacillus describes the shape, while Bacillus with a capital is a particular genus.

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The bacteria present in the root nodules of pea are

A.Coli
B.Plasmodium
C.Rhizobium
D.Penicillin

Answer: C

Correct answer: Rhizobium

Rhizobium lives in the root nodules of legumes such as pea, gram and beans, fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a form the plant can use; the plant supplies it with sugars in return. That symbiosis is why legumes enrich the soil and why they are used in crop rotation.

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10.

Which of these microorganisms contains chlorophyll?

A.Virus
B.Fungus
C.Algae
D.All

Answer: C

Correct answer: Algae

Algae contain chlorophyll and photosynthesise. Fungi have none - they absorb organic nutrients - and viruses are not cells at all.

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