Immune System Questions and Answers

Q: The common disorders caused by a poor immune system include ________

Correct answer: Deficiency diseasesA poor immune system means it cannot mount an adequate response, so the disorders are immunodeficiency diseases - inherited ones such as SCID, or acquired ones such as AIDS - and their hallmark is repeated or unusual infection. Autoimmune disease is the opposite fault: an immune system that is too active and attacks the body’s own tissue.

Q: Rh- mother carries Rh+ foetus. The foetus is at a risk of disease called

Correct answer: Haemolytic diseaseIf an Rh-negative mother has been sensitised to the Rh antigen, her anti-Rh IgG crosses the placenta and attacks the red cells of an Rh-positive foetus - haemolytic disease of the newborn. The first such pregnancy is usually safe, because sensitisation happens mainly at delivery; later ones are at risk, which anti-D immunoglobulin given to the mother now prevents.

Q: Which is involved in body defense

Correct answer: All the aboveNeutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes are all white blood cells with defensive roles - the first two phagocytic and innate, the third specific and adaptive.

Q: Passive immunity is

Correct answer: Acquired through readymade antibodiesPassive immunity means the antibodies are supplied rather than made - across the placenta, in breast milk, or by injection of antiserum or immunoglobulin. Protection is immediate but short-lived, and no memory is left, because the recipient’s own immune system was never engaged.

Q: Persons with blood group A possess

Correct answer: Antigen A and antibody bIn the ABO system a person carries the antigen of their own group and the antibody against the other. Group A red cells therefore bear antigen A, and the plasma contains anti-B. Having anti-A as well would destroy the person’s own cells.

Q: Which of the following proteins in the fruit fly governs the dorsoventral polarity of the fly embryo?

Correct answer: TollToll was discovered in Drosophila as the gene setting up the embryo’s dorsoventral axis, and was later found to control the fly’s antifungal defence as well. That second role led to the discovery of the mammalian Toll-like receptors, which recognise conserved microbial patterns - work that won the 2011 Nobel Prize.

Q: Increased asthmatic attacks in certain seasons are due to

Correct answer: Inhalation of seasonal pollenAttacks that come and go with the seasons point to a seasonal allergen, and the commonest is pollen - trees in spring, grasses in summer, weeds in autumn. Inhaled pollen cross-links IgE on mast cells in the airway, which release histamine and other mediators, narrowing the bronchi.

Q: Commercially available ELISA kits are used for the detection of

Correct answer: all of theseELISA is a general method - an antibody or antigen fixed to a plate, and an enzyme-linked partner whose colour change reports binding - so a kit can be built for almost any target. Commercial kits exist for rotavirus antigen in stool, for hepatitis B surface antigen, and for anti-HIV antibodies, the last being the standard screening test.

Q: An example of innate immunity is

Correct answer: NeutrophilsNeutrophils are innate: they are the first phagocytes to reach an infection, and they recognise general microbial patterns rather than a specific antigen. T and B lymphocytes belong to the acquired response, and thyroid cells have no immune role.

Q: Acquired immunity is found in

Correct answer: VertebratesOnly vertebrates have the lymphocyte-based system that recognises a specific antigen and retains memory of it. Invertebrate defence is entirely innate, however elaborate.

41.

The common disorders caused by a poor immune system include ________

A.Epidemic Diseases
B.Deficiency diseases
C.Autoimmune diseases
D.None of the above

Answer: A

Correct answer: Deficiency diseases

A poor immune system means it cannot mount an adequate response, so the disorders are immunodeficiency diseases - inherited ones such as SCID, or acquired ones such as AIDS - and their hallmark is repeated or unusual infection. Autoimmune disease is the opposite fault: an immune system that is too active and attacks the body’s own tissue.

Discuss in Forum

42.

Rh- mother carries Rh+ foetus. The foetus is at a risk of disease called

A.Haemophilia
B.Haemolytic disease
C.Tuberculosis
D.Syphilis

Answer: B

Correct answer: Haemolytic disease

If an Rh-negative mother has been sensitised to the Rh antigen, her anti-Rh IgG crosses the placenta and attacks the red cells of an Rh-positive foetus - haemolytic disease of the newborn. The first such pregnancy is usually safe, because sensitisation happens mainly at delivery; later ones are at risk, which anti-D immunoglobulin given to the mother now prevents.

Discuss in Forum

43.

Which is involved in body defense

A.Neutrophils
B.Macrophages
C.Lymphocytes
D.All the above

Answer: D

Correct answer: All the above

Neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes are all white blood cells with defensive roles - the first two phagocytic and innate, the third specific and adaptive.

Discuss in Forum

44.

Passive immunity is

A.Acquired through natural overt or latent infection
B.Acquired through Vaccination
C.Acquired through readymade antibodies
D.Acquired by activating immune system of the body

Answer: C

Correct answer: Acquired through readymade antibodies

Passive immunity means the antibodies are supplied rather than made - across the placenta, in breast milk, or by injection of antiserum or immunoglobulin. Protection is immediate but short-lived, and no memory is left, because the recipient’s own immune system was never engaged.

Discuss in Forum

45.

Persons with blood group A possess

A.Antigen A and antibody b
B.Antigen A and antibody a
C.No antigen but antibodies a and b
D.Antigens A and B but no antibodies

Answer: A

Correct answer: Antigen A and antibody b

In the ABO system a person carries the antigen of their own group and the antibody against the other. Group A red cells therefore bear antigen A, and the plasma contains anti-B. Having anti-A as well would destroy the person’s own cells.

Discuss in Forum

46.

Which of the following proteins in the fruit fly governs the dorsoventral polarity of the fly embryo?

A.Toll
B.NEF1
C.Transposons
D.Linker DNA

Answer: A

Correct answer: Toll

Toll was discovered in Drosophila as the gene setting up the embryo’s dorsoventral axis, and was later found to control the fly’s antifungal defence as well. That second role led to the discovery of the mammalian Toll-like receptors, which recognise conserved microbial patterns - work that won the 2011 Nobel Prize.

Discuss in Forum

47.

Increased asthmatic attacks in certain seasons are due to

A.Inhalation of seasonal pollen
B.Heat and humidity
C.Low temperature
D.Eating preserved fruits

Answer: A

Correct answer: Inhalation of seasonal pollen

Attacks that come and go with the seasons point to a seasonal allergen, and the commonest is pollen - trees in spring, grasses in summer, weeds in autumn. Inhaled pollen cross-links IgE on mast cells in the airway, which release histamine and other mediators, narrowing the bronchi.

Discuss in Forum

48.

Commercially available ELISA kits are used for the detection of

A.rotavirus
B.hepatitis B surface antigen
C.anti-HIV antibodies
D.all of these

Answer: D

Correct answer: all of these

ELISA is a general method - an antibody or antigen fixed to a plate, and an enzyme-linked partner whose colour change reports binding - so a kit can be built for almost any target. Commercial kits exist for rotavirus antigen in stool, for hepatitis B surface antigen, and for anti-HIV antibodies, the last being the standard screening test.

Discuss in Forum

49.

An example of innate immunity is

A.T-lymphocytes
B.B-lymphocyte
C.Neutrophils
D.Thyroid cells

Answer: C

Correct answer: Neutrophils

Neutrophils are innate: they are the first phagocytes to reach an infection, and they recognise general microbial patterns rather than a specific antigen. T and B lymphocytes belong to the acquired response, and thyroid cells have no immune role.

Discuss in Forum

50.

Acquired immunity is found in

A.Invertebrates
B.Vertebrates
C.Some invertebrates
D.Both vertebrates and invertebrates

Answer: B

Correct answer: Vertebrates

Only vertebrates have the lymphocyte-based system that recognises a specific antigen and retains memory of it. Invertebrate defence is entirely innate, however elaborate.

Discuss in Forum

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