In the context of DBMS, consider the two sets T and S given below.TSI: Logical schemaL: ViewsII: Physical schemaM: File organization and indexesIII: External schemaN: RelationsWhich one of the following is the correct match from T to S ?

The correct match is I - N, II - M, III - L.The three levels of the ANSI-SPARC architecture:the logical (conceptual) schema describes the data as relations, their attributes and constraints (N);the physical schema describes how those relations are stored: file organisation and indexes (M);the external schema is what each user or application sees, defined as views over the relations (L).The options that link the logical schema to views or to file organisation, or the physical schema to views, mix up these levels.

Introduction To Database Questions and Answers

Q: Which are the two ways in which entities can participate in a relationship?

Correct answer: Total and partialParticipation is total when every entity of the set must take part in the relationship - every loan must have a borrower - and partial when only some need to. In an E-R diagram total participation is drawn with a double line.

Q: Microsoft Access is an enterprise-class database product.

Correct answer: FalseAccess is a personal or workgroup product: it bundles a small DBMS with an application generator in a single file, which suits one user or a handful. Enterprise-class products - SQL Server, DB2, Oracle - run as separate servers and are built for many concurrent users, large volumes and serious administration.

Q: Conceptual design

Correct answer: Involves modelling independent of the DBMSConceptual design captures what the organisation needs to record - entities, attributes and relationships - without reference to any particular product. Choosing tables and types is logical design, and sizing and tuning belong to physical design; keeping them separate is what lets the same conceptual model be implemented on any DBMS.

Q: The relational database model was created by E.F. Codd.

Correct answer: TrueE. F. Codd, at IBM, set out the relational model in his 1970 paper “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks”. It replaced navigation through pointers with operations on sets of tuples, and every relational product since rests on it.

Q: One of the reasons why OODBMSs have not been widely used for business information systems is that OOP is obsolete.

Correct answer: FalseObject-oriented programming is anything but obsolete - it is the mainstream. OODBMSs failed to displace relational systems for business use for quite different reasons: the enormous investment already in relational databases, the maturity of SQL and its tools, and the fact that most business data fits the relational model perfectly well.

Q: An instance of relational schema R (A, B, C) has distinct values of A including NULL values. Which one of the following is true?

Correct answer: A is not a candidate keyA candidate key must satisfy two conditions: uniqueness and no NULLs. Distinct values alone are not enough - a NULL means the value is unknown, so it cannot be relied on to identify a row, and two NULLs cannot even be compared for equality. Since A contains NULLs it is neither a candidate key nor a primary key.

Q: A logical schema

Correct answer: Is the entire database.The logical (conceptual) schema is the complete description of the whole database - every table, column, key and constraint - as one community view. It is distinct from the internal schema, which says how the data sits on disk, and from the external schemas or subschemas, each of which shows one application its own slice.

Q: The purpose of a database is to help people stop using spreadsheets.

Correct answer: FalseThe purpose of a database is to keep track of things - particularly things with relationships among them, which a spreadsheet handles badly. Spreadsheets remain the right tool for calculation and analysis; the question is what kind of problem you have, not which tool to abolish.

Which of the following database management systems is developed by Microsoft?

A.Oracle
B.SQL Server
C.MySQL
D.PostgreSQL

Exam Year(s)

DSSSB TGT - 2023,

Answer: B

SQL Server is the database management system developed by Microsoft. Oracle Database is made by Oracle Corporation, MySQL began as an open-source system of a separate company and is now owned by Oracle, and PostgreSQL is developed by an open-source community, so none of those three is a Microsoft product. Its first release was in the late 1980s as a database server, and it is today a common choice for business applications on Windows.

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In the context of DBMS, consider the two sets T and S given below.

T	S
I: Logical schema	L: Views
II: Physical schema	M: File organization and indexes
III: External schema	N: Relations

Which one of the following is the correct match from T to S ?

A.I - L, II - M, III - N
B.I - M, II - L, III - N
C.I - N, II - M, III - L
D.I - N, II - L, III - M

Exam Year(s)

GATE CS - 2026,

Answer: C

The correct match is I - N, II - M, III - L.

The three levels of the ANSI-SPARC architecture:

the logical (conceptual) schema describes the data as relations, their attributes and constraints (N);
the physical schema describes how those relations are stored: file organisation and indexes (M);
the external schema is what each user or application sees, defined as views over the relations (L).

The options that link the logical schema to views or to file organisation, or the physical schema to views, mix up these levels.

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Which are the two ways in which entities can participate in a relationship?

A.Passive and active
B.Total and partial
C.Simple and Complex
D.All of the above

Answer: B

Correct answer: Total and partial

Participation is total when every entity of the set must take part in the relationship - every loan must have a borrower - and partial when only some need to. In an E-R diagram total participation is drawn with a double line.

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Microsoft Access is an enterprise-class database product.

A.True
B.False
C.None of the Above.
D.All of the Above.

Answer: B

Correct answer: False

Access is a personal or workgroup product: it bundles a small DBMS with an application generator in a single file, which suits one user or a handful. Enterprise-class products - SQL Server, DB2, Oracle - run as separate servers and are built for many concurrent users, large volumes and serious administration.

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Conceptual design

A.Is a documentation technique.
B.Needs data volume and processing frequencies to determine the size of the database.
C.Involves modelling independent of the DBMS
D.Is designing the relational model.

Answer: C

Correct answer: Involves modelling independent of the DBMS

Conceptual design captures what the organisation needs to record - entities, attributes and relationships - without reference to any particular product. Choosing tables and types is logical design, and sizing and tuning belong to physical design; keeping them separate is what lets the same conceptual model be implemented on any DBMS.

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The relational database model was created by E.F. Codd.

A.True
B.False
C. None of the Above.
D.All of the Above.

Answer: A

Correct answer: True

E. F. Codd, at IBM, set out the relational model in his 1970 paper “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks”. It replaced navigation through pointers with operations on sets of tuples, and every relational product since rests on it.

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One of the reasons why OODBMSs have not been widely used for business information systems is that OOP is obsolete.

A.True
B.False
C.None of the Above.
D.All of the Above.

Answer: B

Correct answer: False

Object-oriented programming is anything but obsolete - it is the mainstream. OODBMSs failed to displace relational systems for business use for quite different reasons: the enormous investment already in relational databases, the maturity of SQL and its tools, and the fact that most business data fits the relational model perfectly well.

Discuss in Forum

An instance of relational schema R (A, B, C) has distinct values of A including NULL values. Which one of the following is true?

A.A is a candidate key
B.A is not a candidate key
C.A is a primary Key
D.Both (A) and (C)

Answer: B

Correct answer: A is not a candidate key

A candidate key must satisfy two conditions: uniqueness and no NULLs. Distinct values alone are not enough - a NULL means the value is unknown, so it cannot be relied on to identify a row, and two NULLs cannot even be compared for equality. Since A contains NULLs it is neither a candidate key nor a primary key.

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A logical schema

A.Is the entire database.
B.describe data in terms of relational tables and columns, object-oriented classes, and XML tags.
C.Describes how data is actually stored on disk.
D.Both (A) and (C)

Answer: A

Correct answer: Is the entire database.

The logical (conceptual) schema is the complete description of the whole database - every table, column, key and constraint - as one community view. It is distinct from the internal schema, which says how the data sits on disk, and from the external schemas or subschemas, each of which shows one application its own slice.

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10.

The purpose of a database is to help people stop using spreadsheets.

A.True
B.False
C.None of the Above.
D.All of the Above.

Answer: B

Correct answer: False

The purpose of a database is to keep track of things - particularly things with relationships among them, which a spreadsheet handles badly. Spreadsheets remain the right tool for calculation and analysis; the question is what kind of problem you have, not which tool to abolish.

Discuss in Forum

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