XML and ADO.NET Questions and Answers

Q: With XML, document structure, content and format are all defined within one document.

Correct answer: FalseThe separation of the three is XML’s central idea. Structure is defined by a DTD or schema, content sits in the document itself, and format is supplied by a stylesheet. Keeping them apart is what allows the same content to be materialised many different ways and to be exchanged between systems that present it differently.

Q: It took the popularity of the Internet to realize that database processing and document processing need each other.

Correct answer: TrueDocument processing had structure without query, and database processing had query without structure of the document kind; each solved a problem the other had. It was the volume of semi-structured data moving across the web that made the gap obvious, and XML is the technology that closed it.

Q: XML uses the same terms with the same meanings as terms in the database world

Correct answer: FalseThe vocabularies differ and the differences are traps. XML speaks of elements, attributes and documents where the database world speaks of tables, columns and rows, and terms that look shared do not always align - an XML attribute is not a relational attribute. Translating carefully between the two is part of working with both.

Q: You can validate an XML Schema document against its schema, just as you would any other XML document.

Correct answer: TrueAn XML Schema is itself an XML document, and there is a schema for schemas, so a schema can be validated in exactly the same way as any other document. This is the practical benefit of expressing schemas in XML rather than in a syntax of their own, as DTDs are.

Q: XSLT processors are context-oriented; each statement is evaluated in the context of the match that has been made.

Correct answer: TrueEach statement is evaluated relative to the node currently matched, so the meaning of an expression depends on where the processor has reached. This is what makes XSLT declarative: the stylesheet says what to produce for each kind of node and leaves the order of traversal to the processor.

Q: If an XML document does not have a DTD, then by definition it is:

Correct answer: not-type-valid.Type validity is conformance to a DTD or schema, so a document with neither cannot be type-valid; the definition makes it not-type-valid regardless of how sensible its content is. It may still be well-formed, which is a weaker and purely syntactic requirement that every XML document must meet.

Q: If a document does not conform to the DTD, it is a bad XML document.

Correct answer: FalseA document that does not conform to its DTD is not-type-valid, which is a precise technical status rather than a judgement of quality. It may still be well-formed and perfectly usable for some purposes. The distinction matters because a processor can be asked to validate or merely to parse, and the two give different answers.

Q: SOAP is now just a name, not an acronym

Correct answer: TrueIt originally stood for Simple Object Access Protocol, but once it had been generalised to carry messages of any kind over any transport the expansion no longer described it, and the specification dropped the acronym. The name was kept because it was already established.

Q: XSLT processors evaluate each statement in the context of the match that has been made. That is, XSLT processors are:

Correct answer: context oriented.Each statement in a stylesheet is evaluated relative to the node currently matched, so the same expression means different things at different points in the traversal. This is what makes XSLT declarative rather than procedural: the stylesheet describes what to produce for each kind of node, and the processor decides the order of visiting.

Q: The document that is used by XSLT to indicate how to transform the elements of the XML document to another format is a(n):

Correct answer: stylesheet.The XSLT stylesheet holds the rules by which the source document is transformed - each rule matching a pattern in the input and specifying what to produce for it. It is itself an XML document, so it can be validated and manipulated with the same tools as the data it transforms.

With XML, document structure, content and format are all defined within one document.

A.True
B.False

Answer: B

Correct answer: False

The separation of the three is XML’s central idea. Structure is defined by a DTD or schema, content sits in the document itself, and format is supplied by a stylesheet. Keeping them apart is what allows the same content to be materialised many different ways and to be exchanged between systems that present it differently.

Discuss in Forum

It took the popularity of the Internet to realize that database processing and document processing need each other.

A.True
B.False

Answer: A

Correct answer: True

Document processing had structure without query, and database processing had query without structure of the document kind; each solved a problem the other had. It was the volume of semi-structured data moving across the web that made the gap obvious, and XML is the technology that closed it.

Discuss in Forum

XML uses the same terms with the same meanings as terms in the database world

A.True
B.False

Answer: B

Correct answer: False

The vocabularies differ and the differences are traps. XML speaks of elements, attributes and documents where the database world speaks of tables, columns and rows, and terms that look shared do not always align - an XML attribute is not a relational attribute. Translating carefully between the two is part of working with both.

Discuss in Forum

You can validate an XML Schema document against its schema, just as you would any other XML document.

A.True
B.False

Answer: A

Correct answer: True

An XML Schema is itself an XML document, and there is a schema for schemas, so a schema can be validated in exactly the same way as any other document. This is the practical benefit of expressing schemas in XML rather than in a syntax of their own, as DTDs are.

Discuss in Forum

XSLT processors are context-oriented; each statement is evaluated in the context of the match that has been made.

A.True
B.False

Answer: A

Correct answer: True

Each statement is evaluated relative to the node currently matched, so the meaning of an expression depends on where the processor has reached. This is what makes XSLT declarative: the stylesheet says what to produce for each kind of node and leaves the order of traversal to the processor.

Discuss in Forum

If an XML document does not have a DTD, then by definition it is:

A.not-type-valid.
B.type-valid.
C.an HTML document.
D.None of the above is correct.

Answer: A

Correct answer: not-type-valid.

Type validity is conformance to a DTD or schema, so a document with neither cannot be type-valid; the definition makes it not-type-valid regardless of how sensible its content is. It may still be well-formed, which is a weaker and purely syntactic requirement that every XML document must meet.

Discuss in Forum

If a document does not conform to the DTD, it is a bad XML document.

A.True
B.False

Answer: B

Correct answer: False

A document that does not conform to its DTD is not-type-valid, which is a precise technical status rather than a judgement of quality. It may still be well-formed and perfectly usable for some purposes. The distinction matters because a processor can be asked to validate or merely to parse, and the two give different answers.

Discuss in Forum

SOAP is now just a name, not an acronym

A.True
B.False

Answer: A

Correct answer: True

It originally stood for Simple Object Access Protocol, but once it had been generalised to carry messages of any kind over any transport the expansion no longer described it, and the specification dropped the acronym. The name was kept because it was already established.

Discuss in Forum

XSLT processors evaluate each statement in the context of the match that has been made. That is, XSLT processors are:

A.context oriented.
B.procedural oriented.
C.object oriented.
D.relational oriented.

Answer: A

Correct answer: context oriented.

Each statement in a stylesheet is evaluated relative to the node currently matched, so the same expression means different things at different points in the traversal. This is what makes XSLT declarative rather than procedural: the stylesheet describes what to produce for each kind of node, and the processor decides the order of visiting.

Discuss in Forum

10.

The document that is used by XSLT to indicate how to transform the elements of the XML document to another format is a(n):

A.HTML page.
B.DOCTYPE procedure.
C.stylesheet.
D.stored procedure.

Answer: C

Correct answer: stylesheet.

The XSLT stylesheet holds the rules by which the source document is transformed - each rule matching a pattern in the input and specifying what to produce for it. It is itself an XML document, so it can be validated and manipulated with the same tools as the data it transforms.

Discuss in Forum

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