Political Theory Questions and Answers

Q: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below the lists :List - I (Authors)List - II (Books)a. A. Arblasteri. Participation and Democratic Theoryb. C.B. Mac Phersonii. Models of Democracyc. C. Patemaniii. The Real World of Democracyd. D. Heldiv. DemocracyCodes : a b c d

The match is a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii.Arblaster wrote Democracy (iv), C.B. Macpherson wrote The Real World of Democracy (iii), Carole Pateman wrote Participation and Democratic Theory (i), and David Held wrote Models of Democracy (ii).Code (B) gives these four pairs. The other codes assign the books to the wrong authors, for example Models of Democracy to Arblaster. Each title belongs to its author. Held's Models of Democracy gives the main models of democratic theory, Pateman's Participation and Democratic Theory argues for participation, and Macpherson's book on the real world of democracy contrasts liberal democracy with its ideal.

121.

Identify the appropriate code from the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) given below :

Assertion (A) : "A democracy may have goals or ideas but not an ideology".
Reasoning (R) : It is because democracy rests on rational choices and alternatives, ideology sans rationality.
Codes :

A.(A) is correct, (R) is wrong
B.(A) is correct, and (R) is correct
C.(A) is wrong, (R) is correct
D.(A) is wrong, (R) is wrong

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

The keyed answer is that (A) is correct and (R) is wrong. The assertion, that a democracy has goals or ideals but not an ideology in the closed, doctrinaire sense, matches the view that democracy is a method of open choice and not a fixed creed. The reason is wrong, because it is not true that ideology is without rationality: ideologies are systems of ideas that can be argued on reasoned grounds, and the contrast with democracy lies in their claim to a single fixed truth. So the options that call (R) correct, or (A) wrong, are rejected.

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122.

Match List - I (Theorists in Green Politics) with List - II (Books).

List - I	List - II
a. E.F. Schumacher	1. Re-enchanting humanity
b. Garrett Harolin	2. Monocultures of the mind
c. Murray Bookchin	3. Small is beautiful
d. Vandana Shiva	4. Lifeboat ethics

Codes : a b c d

A.1 2 3 4
B.4 2 3 1
C.3 4 1 2
D.2 3 4 1

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The correct matching is a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2, which is option (C). E.F. Schumacher wrote Small is Beautiful (1973), the classic of green economics. Garrett Hardin is the author of the Lifeboat Ethics argument, which is the title paired with him in the list. Murray Bookchin, the social ecologist, is paired with Re-enchanting Humanity, and Vandana Shiva wrote Monocultures of the Mind, a critique of uniform industrial agriculture and the knowledge system behind it. Options (A), (B) and (D) each pair at least one of Schumacher or Shiva with the wrong book, so they fail on the two most securely known matches.

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123.

The doctrine of overlapping consensus is advocated by

A.Berlin
B.Barry
C.Nozick
D.Rawls

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The doctrine of overlapping consensus is John Rawls's, set out in Political Liberalism (1993); (D) is correct. In a society divided by reasonable but conflicting religious and moral views, citizens can still agree on a political conception of justice, each from within their own comprehensive doctrine. Isaiah Berlin in option (A) is known for the idea of value pluralism and two concepts of liberty. Brian Barry in option (B) wrote on justice as impartiality. Robert Nozick in option (C) argued for the minimal state, which is a different problem from the basis of consensus.

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124.

Montesquieu's theory of separation of powers emphasises primarily on

A.Accountability
B.Efficiency
C.Transparency
D.Liberty

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Montesquieu's theory of separation of powers emphasises liberty, so (D) is correct. In The Spirit of the Laws (1748) he argued that liberty is secure only where legislative, executive and judicial powers are not placed in the same hands, since power should check power. Accountability, efficiency and transparency in options (A), (B) and (C) may be by-products of a divided system, but they are not the primary reason he gave. Efficiency in particular is the opposite of his concern, since a separation of powers slows decisions.

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125.

Which among the following statements is not correct ?

A.Post-behavioural political theory interrelates value and fact.
B.Post-behavioural political theory is ethnocentric.
C.Post-behavioural political theory is tied to action and relevancy.
D.Post-behavioural political theory is change oriented.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The statement that is not correct is that post-behavioural political theory is ethnocentric. Post-behaviouralism, announced by David Easton in his 1969 'credo of relevance', arose as a reaction to the behavioural stress on method and value-free science: it holds that values and facts are interrelated (A), that political science must be tied to action and relevance to social problems (C), and that it should be change oriented and not conservative (D). The charge of ethnocentrism is made against behavioural studies built on Western models, not against the post-behavioural credo, so option B is the answer.

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126.

Positive liberalism does not believe in

A.Welfare State
B.Nanny State
C.State as a moral agency
D.Minimal State

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Positive liberalism, associated with T. H. Green and later welfare liberals, holds that freedom needs positive conditions and that the state can help to create them, so it accepts the welfare state (A) and sees the state as a moral agency that removes obstacles to self-development (C). What it rejects is the minimal state, the night-watchman state of classical and neo-liberal thought, which would leave the poor without the means to be free. The keyed answer is therefore the minimal state, option D.

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127.

Rawlsian concept of justice is based on

A.Distributive principle
B.Agreement principle
C.Difference principle
D.Joint method principle

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The keyed answer is the difference principle. In A Theory of Justice John Rawls argues that principles of justice are those that free and rational persons would choose behind a veil of ignorance: equal basic liberties for all, and social and economic inequalities arranged so that they work to the benefit of the least advantaged, which is the difference principle. 'Distributive principle', 'agreement principle' and 'joint method principle' are not the names Rawls gives to his principles, so options A, B and D are wrong.

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128.

The term 'Ideology' was first used in the year

A.1789
B.1792
C.1795
D.1797

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The term 'ideology' was coined by Antoine Destutt de Tracy during the French Revolution, in the 1790s, for a 'science of ideas', and the official key gives 1797. The year 1789 is the date of the Revolution itself, which makes it a tempting but wrong answer, and 1792 and 1795 are other dates from the period that do not mark the first use of the word. The keyed answer is option D.

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129.

Match the List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List-I (Authors)	List-II (Books)
(a) Friedrich Hayek	(i) The Politics
(b) John Rawls	(ii) Idea of Justice
(c) Amartya Sen	(iii) The Road to Serfdom
(d) Plato	(iv) A Theory of Justice

Code :
(a) (b) (c) (d)

A.(iv) (i) (iii) (ii)
B.(iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
C.(i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
D.(ii) (iii) (i) (iv)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The keyed code B is (iii) (iv) (ii) (i): Friedrich Hayek wrote The Road to Serfdom (iii), John Rawls wrote A Theory of Justice (iv), Amartya Sen wrote The Idea of Justice (ii), and the list pairs Plato with The Politics (i). The first three pairs are settled facts and decide the answer, since options A, C and D each pair Hayek with another book. The Politics is Aristotle's book, but the key follows the list as printed.

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130.

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below the lists :

List - I (Authors)	List - II (Books)
a. A. Arblaster	i. Participation and Democratic Theory
b. C.B. Mac Pherson	ii. Models of Democracy
c. C. Pateman	iii. The Real World of Democracy
d. D. Held	iv. Democracy

Codes : a b c d

A.i ii iii iv
B.iv iii i ii
C.ii i iv iii
D.iii iv ii i

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2013,

Answer: B

The match is a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii.

Arblaster wrote Democracy (iv), C.B. Macpherson wrote The Real World of Democracy (iii), Carole Pateman wrote Participation and Democratic Theory (i), and David Held wrote Models of Democracy (ii).

Code (B) gives these four pairs. The other codes assign the books to the wrong authors, for example Models of Democracy to Arblaster. Each title belongs to its author. Held's Models of Democracy gives the main models of democratic theory, Pateman's Participation and Democratic Theory argues for participation, and Macpherson's book on the real world of democracy contrasts liberal democracy with its ideal.

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