Brucella Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following can be identified by milk ring test?

Correct answer: BrucellosisThe milk ring test detects antibody to Brucella in bulk milk: stained antigen is added and, if antibody is present, the agglutinated complexes rise with the cream to form a coloured ring at the top. It is cheap, rapid and applied to whole herds at once, which makes it the standard screening test for bovine brucellosis - and it works only for that organism.

Q: For brucellosis, 2 ME agglutination test is used to identify

Correct answer: IgGMercaptoethanol breaks the disulphide bonds holding the IgM pentamer together, destroying its agglutinating activity while leaving IgG unaffected. Agglutination that survives treatment is therefore due to IgG. That matters clinically: IgM appears early and may persist after cure, whereas continuing IgG indicates chronic or active infection rather than a past exposure.

Q: Human transmission of Brucellae occurs by

Correct answer: all of theseAll three are established routes. Ingestion of unpasteurised milk and its products is the commonest source in the general population; contaminated meat carries the organism as well; and direct contact with infected tissues, placentas and abortion material makes brucellosis an occupational disease of farmers, abattoir workers, veterinarians and laboratory staff. Person-to-person spread, by contrast, is very rare.

Q: Agglutination test for Brucella mainly identifies which class of antibodies?

Correct answer: IgMThe plain agglutination test detects chiefly IgM, which is the earliest antibody produced and, being pentameric, by far the most efficient agglutinator - a single molecule can bridge several bacteria. That is precisely why the mercaptoethanol variant exists: removing the IgM contribution leaves the IgG titre, which carries the different information described above.

Q: The most pathogenic Brucella spp for man is

Correct answer: B melitensisB. melitensis, whose natural hosts are goats and sheep, causes the most severe and most protracted human disease of the four and accounts for most clinical cases worldwide. B. suis from pigs is next, B. abortus from cattle produces milder illness, and B. canis is an uncommon cause of human infection.

Q: Brucella are

Correct answer: Very short rodsBrucella are Gram-negative organisms so short that they appear almost oval - small enough to be mistaken for cocci at first glance, which is why they are so often described as coccobacilli. They are non-motile, non-sporing and non-capsulated, and being intracellular they are typically seen within phagocytes rather than free.

Which of the following can be identified by milk ring test?

A.Brucellosis
B.Salmonellosis
C.Bovine tuberculosis
D.All of these

Answer: A

Correct answer: Brucellosis

The milk ring test detects antibody to Brucella in bulk milk: stained antigen is added and, if antibody is present, the agglutinated complexes rise with the cream to form a coloured ring at the top. It is cheap, rapid and applied to whole herds at once, which makes it the standard screening test for bovine brucellosis - and it works only for that organism.

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For brucellosis, 2 ME agglutination test is used to identify

A.IgG
B.IgM
C.IgA
D.IgE

Answer: A

Correct answer: IgG

Mercaptoethanol breaks the disulphide bonds holding the IgM pentamer together, destroying its agglutinating activity while leaving IgG unaffected. Agglutination that survives treatment is therefore due to IgG. That matters clinically: IgM appears early and may persist after cure, whereas continuing IgG indicates chronic or active infection rather than a past exposure.

Discuss in Forum

Human transmission of Brucellae occurs by

A.ingestion of contaminated meat
B.direct contact with animal tissues
C.ingestion of infected milk
D.all of these

Answer: D

Correct answer: all of these

All three are established routes. Ingestion of unpasteurised milk and its products is the commonest source in the general population; contaminated meat carries the organism as well; and direct contact with infected tissues, placentas and abortion material makes brucellosis an occupational disease of farmers, abattoir workers, veterinarians and laboratory staff. Person-to-person spread, by contrast, is very rare.

Discuss in Forum

Agglutination test for Brucella mainly identifies which class of antibodies?

A.IgG
B.IgM
C.IgA
D.IgE

Answer: B

Correct answer: IgM

The plain agglutination test detects chiefly IgM, which is the earliest antibody produced and, being pentameric, by far the most efficient agglutinator - a single molecule can bridge several bacteria. That is precisely why the mercaptoethanol variant exists: removing the IgM contribution leaves the IgG titre, which carries the different information described above.

Discuss in Forum

The most pathogenic Brucella spp for man is

A.B melitensis
B.B abortus
C.B suis
D.B canis

Answer: A

Correct answer: B melitensis

B. melitensis, whose natural hosts are goats and sheep, causes the most severe and most protracted human disease of the four and accounts for most clinical cases worldwide. B. suis from pigs is next, B. abortus from cattle produces milder illness, and B. canis is an uncommon cause of human infection.

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Brucella are

A.Cocci
B.Rods
C.Spirochaetes
D.Very short rods

Answer: D

Correct answer: Very short rods

Brucella are Gram-negative organisms so short that they appear almost oval - small enough to be mistaken for cocci at first glance, which is why they are so often described as coccobacilli. They are non-motile, non-sporing and non-capsulated, and being intracellular they are typically seen within phagocytes rather than free.

Discuss in Forum

Brucella Questions and Answers

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