Research Methodology in Public Administration Questions and Answers

Q: Name the process of making data free from incompleteness and inconsistencies :

The process is editing.Editing is the first step in processing data: the researcher examines the collected schedules or questionnaires to detect errors and omissions, and corrects them so that the data are complete, consistent, accurate and uniform.Coding comes next and assigns numerals or symbols to answers so they can be put into categories. Analysis draws out relationships and results from the cleaned data, and reporting presents them. Neither of these is the step that removes incompleteness and inconsistency.

Q: Which of the following are considered as the criteria for selecting a research topic ?(i) Relevance(ii) Utility(iii) Feasibility(iv) Ethical AcceptabilitySelect the correct answer using codes given below :

All four criteria are accepted, so the answer is (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), option D.A research topic should be relevant to the field or to a real problem, useful in its findings, feasible within the time, money, data and skills available, and ethically acceptable, since it must not harm the people studied.Each of options A, B and C leaves out one of the four, although each is a recognised test of a topic.

Q: Which of the following is not a type of Attitude Scale ?

The graphic scale is not a type of attitude scale, so the answer is C.The summated rating scale (Likert), Thurstone's equal-appearing interval scale and the Bogardus social distance scale are three of the standard scales for measuring attitudes.A graphic rating scale is a way of rating a trait along a line, and it is classed as a rating scale and not as a scale built to measure attitudes. So A, B and D are attitude scales and C is the exception.

Q: Consider the following statements regarding interview method of data collection and select the incorrect one.

The incorrect statement is that the interviewer's notes may not be considered as research data, so the answer is D.The notes the interviewer makes during and after an interview, including observations on the setting and manner of the respondent, are part of the data and are often essential in qualitative analysis.The other statements are true: interviewing is the most common way of collecting qualitative information (A), it is usually face to face between an interviewer and an interviewee (B), and it is designed to draw out a detailed viewpoint of the informant (C).

61.

Name the process of making data free from incompleteness and inconsistencies :

A.Coding
B.Editing
C.Analysis
D.Reporting

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2025, SET Exam - 2025,

Answer: B

The process is editing.

Editing is the first step in processing data: the researcher examines the collected schedules or questionnaires to detect errors and omissions, and corrects them so that the data are complete, consistent, accurate and uniform.

Coding comes next and assigns numerals or symbols to answers so they can be put into categories. Analysis draws out relationships and results from the cleaned data, and reporting presents them. Neither of these is the step that removes incompleteness and inconsistency.

Discuss in Forum

62.

What is the correct sequence of Scientific Research ? Answer by using the codes given below :

(i) Formulation of Hypothesis
(ii) Selection of Problem
(iii) Generalization
(iv) Collection and Analysis of data
Codes :

A.(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
B.(ii), (i), (iv), (iii)
C.(iv), (ii), (iii), (i)
D.(ii), (iv), (i), (iii)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The correct sequence is selection of the problem (ii), formulation of a hypothesis (i), collection and analysis of data (iv) and generalisation (iii). Scientific research begins by identifying a problem, then proposes a testable explanation, gathers and analyses evidence and finally draws general conclusions.

The first option starts with the hypothesis before a problem has been chosen. The third option begins with data collection, before the problem and hypothesis. The fourth option analyses data before the hypothesis is formed, which reverses the logic of testing.

Discuss in Forum

63.

Which of the following are considered as the criteria for selecting a research topic ?

(i) Relevance
(ii) Utility
(iii) Feasibility
(iv) Ethical Acceptability
Select the correct answer using codes given below :

A.(i), (ii), (iii)
B.(i), (iii), (iv)
C.(ii), (iii), (iv)
D.(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

All four criteria are accepted, so the answer is (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), option D.

A research topic should be relevant to the field or to a real problem, useful in its findings, feasible within the time, money, data and skills available, and ethically acceptable, since it must not harm the people studied.

Each of options A, B and C leaves out one of the four, although each is a recognised test of a topic.

Discuss in Forum

64.

Which of the following observation about actual engagement behaviour of workers on job with machine is termed as

A.Simple observation
B.Systematic observation
C.Participant observation
D.Non-participant observation

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

The key calls the observation of the actual engagement behaviour of workers on the job with a machine systematic observation, so the answer is B.

Systematic observation is planned in advance: the observer decides what to record, uses a schedule or checklist and records the behaviour in a standard way, as in a time and motion study of a worker and a machine.

Simple observation (A) is unplanned. Participant observation (C) requires the observer to take part in the activity of the group, and non-participant observation (D) is a wider term for observation from outside, which says nothing about the planned recording named in the key.

Discuss in Forum

65.

Which of the following is not a type of Attitude Scale ?

A.Summated Rating Scale
B.Thurston's Equal Appearing Interval Scale
C.Graphic Scale
D.Bagardus Social Distance Scale

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The graphic scale is not a type of attitude scale, so the answer is C.

The summated rating scale (Likert), Thurstone's equal-appearing interval scale and the Bogardus social distance scale are three of the standard scales for measuring attitudes.

A graphic rating scale is a way of rating a trait along a line, and it is classed as a rating scale and not as a scale built to measure attitudes. So A, B and D are attitude scales and C is the exception.

Discuss in Forum

66.

Consider the following statements regarding interview method of data collection and select the incorrect one.

A.It is the most common method for collecting qualitative information.
B.It is a method which is usually conducted face to face and involve one interviewer and one interviewee.
C.It is technique designed to elicit a detailed view point of the informants.
D.Interviewer's notes may not be considered as research data.

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

The incorrect statement is that the interviewer's notes may not be considered as research data, so the answer is D.

The notes the interviewer makes during and after an interview, including observations on the setting and manner of the respondent, are part of the data and are often essential in qualitative analysis.

The other statements are true: interviewing is the most common way of collecting qualitative information (A), it is usually face to face between an interviewer and an interviewee (B), and it is designed to draw out a detailed viewpoint of the informant (C).

Discuss in Forum

67.

Public Methodology affording testing of conclusions is an inherent article of faith of Scientific Method. The reasons are :

(i) It helps in replication of results.
(ii) It explains the context and conditions of Social Science Research.
(iii) It fulfils the scientific obligations for bringing improvements in research tools.
(iv) It helps in exposing inconsistencies in the Social Science Research.
Select the correct answer using codes given below :

A.(i), (ii)
B.(i), (iii)
C.(i), (ii), (iii)
D.(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: C

The key accepts reasons (i), (ii) and (iii), so the answer is (i), (ii), (iii), option C.

A public methodology, in which the methods are stated openly, allows other researchers to repeat the study and check its results (i), it explains the context and the conditions under which the research was done (ii), and it lets the tools be improved by those who study how they performed (iii).

The key does not accept (iv), that it helps in exposing inconsistencies in the research, as a separate reason, so option D is not the keyed answer. Options A and B are incomplete.

Discuss in Forum

68.

Which one among the following is not the primary source of data collection ?

A.Interview
B.Observation
C.Questionnaire
D.Historical books

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: D

Primary data are collected first hand from the source through interviews, observation and questionnaires. Historical books are existing printed material written by others and are therefore a secondary source of data. So 'historical books' is the one that is not a primary source of data collection. A secondary source is one in which the researcher uses data that someone else has already collected and published, such as books, reports, census tables, gazetteers and archival records. Interviews, observation and questionnaires all require the researcher to go to the respondents or the field, so they are primary methods, while a historical book is read and not collected from the source.

Discuss in Forum

69.

Match List - I with List - II. Select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List - I	List - II
(a) Observation	(i) Facilitates insight into the respondents.
(b) Interview	(ii) Data collected are more reliable.
(c) Schedule	(iii) The researcher fills up the information collected from respondents himself.
(d) Questionnaire	(iv) The respondent has to himself fill the entries.
	(v) The time and resources can be saved by selecting a smaller segment of respondents.

A.(i) (ii) (iii) (v)
B.(ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
C.(v) (ii) (iv) (iii)
D.(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: B

Observation gives data that are more reliable (ii), an interview facilitates insight into the respondents (i), in the schedule the researcher fills up the information collected from the respondents himself (iii), and in the questionnaire the respondent has to fill in the entries himself (iv). The code is (ii) (i) (iii) (iv). The other codes give the questionnaire the researcher-filled entry or the schedule the respondent-filled entry, which reverses the two tools.

Discuss in Forum

70.

Primarily, a researcher should possess which of the following qualities ?

A.Scientific Attitude
B.Scientific Thinking
C.Scientific Behaviour
D.Scientific Feelings

Exam Year(s)

UGC NET - 2012,

Answer: A

Primarily, a researcher should have a scientific attitude, that is an open, questioning and objective mind that accepts evidence and does not bring prejudice to the work. Scientific thinking and behaviour follow from this attitude.

Scientific feelings is not a term used in research methodology. The key takes scientific attitude as the basic quality from which the others follow.

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