Match the following :List IList II(a) Information Society(i) Paul Otlet(b) Network Society(ii) Claude E. Shannon(c) Father of Information theory(iii) Fritz Machlup(d) Father of Information Science(iv) Jan Van Dijk

The correct matching is a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i.Information society: Fritz Machlup's study of the knowledge industries, The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States (1962), is the founding work on it (iii).Network society: the term is credited to Jan van Dijk, whose book on it appeared in 1991 (iv).Father of information theory: Claude E. Shannon, through his 1948 paper on the mathematical theory of communication (ii).Father of information science: Paul Otlet, the Belgian founder of documentation (i).Only option C gives all four pairs; the others misplace Shannon or Otlet, the two best-known names.

Information, Communication and Information Policy Questions and Answers

Q: Statement (A) : Berne convention was held in Switzerland in the year 1866.Statement (B) : WIPO Copyright Treaty was held in Geneva in 1996.Codes :

(B) is true but (A) is false.The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works was concluded in Berne, Switzerland, in 1886, not 1866, so statement (A) is false because of its date. It established the principle of automatic copyright protection among member countries.The WIPO Copyright Treaty was adopted at a diplomatic conference in Geneva in December 1996, to update copyright for the digital environment, so statement (B) is true. That rules out the options calling both true, both false, or (A) alone true.

Q: Oral communication is also known as .................. .

Oral communication is also known as Verbal communication.Verbal communication uses words, and oral (spoken) communication, in conversation, lectures, telephone calls or meetings, is its most common form; written communication is the other verbal form. In everyday usage, especially in exam texts, oral and verbal communication are treated as the same.Non-verbal communication uses gestures, facial expressions and body language rather than words. Formal and non-formal communication describe the channel within an organisation (official or informal), not whether the message is spoken.

Q: Knowledge that may not be expressed by an individual is ................ .

Knowledge that may not be expressed is Tacit knowledge.Michael Polanyi observed that 'we can know more than we can tell'. Tacit knowledge is personal know-how built from experience, such as a skilled worker's feel for a task, and it is hard to put into words or documents. Nonaka and Takeuchi made the tacit-explicit distinction central to knowledge management.Explicit knowledge is the opposite: knowledge that has been expressed and recorded in documents, manuals and databases. Data are raw facts and information is processed data; neither is defined by being inexpressible.

Q: 'Indian Trade Mark Act' is enacted in the year .................... .

The Trade Marks Act was enacted in 1999.The Trade Marks Act, 1999 replaced the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958, bringing Indian law into line with the TRIPS Agreement. It provides for registration of trade marks for goods and services, protection of well-known marks and remedies for infringement, and came into force in 2003.2005 is the year of the Right to Information Act, and 2009 and 2010 do not correspond to the Trade Marks Act.

Q: Who was the Chairman of the National Policy on Library and Information System, 1985 ?

The committee was chaired by D. P. Chattopadhyaya.In 1985 the Department of Culture set up a committee on the National Policy on Library and Information System under Professor D.P. Chattopadhyaya, the philosopher. Its report recommended a national policy covering public, academic and special libraries and a national-level body to coordinate library development.A. Neelameghan and M.A. Gopinath were eminent LIS scholars at DRTC, and G.B. Bhattacharyya was known for POPSI, the indexing system; none chaired this committee.

Q: Assertion (A) : Library and Information services are crucial for meeting learning needs of the masses.Reason (R) : State policy for public library and information services is essential.Codes :

Both (A) and (R) are true.Library and information services support lifelong learning, literacy and access to knowledge for the general public, which is the mission set out in the IFLA/UNESCO Public Library Manifesto. So the assertion is true.The reason is also true: library thinkers from Ranganathan onward, and committees such as the one on the National Policy on Library and Information System, have argued that a state policy and legislation are needed to establish and fund public library systems. The key asks only whether both statements are true.

Q: Statement (A) : The Information Technology Act is passed in 2005.Statement (B) : The Right to Information Act, (RTI) is passed in 2000.

Both (A) and (B) are false.The two dates are swapped. India's Information Technology Act was passed in 2000; it gave legal recognition to electronic records and digital signatures and dealt with cyber offences. The Right to Information Act was passed in 2005 and gives citizens the right to obtain information from public authorities.Since each statement gives the other Act's year, neither is true, which rules out every option that calls A or B true.

Q: .......... and ............. are known as the fathers of Information Science.(i) Paul Otlet(ii) Alxander Mikhailov(iii) Henry La Fontaine(iv) S.R. Ranganathan

The pair is Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine, so the answer is (i) and (iii) are correct.The two Belgians founded the International Institute of Bibliography in 1895, set out to build a universal bibliography of all recorded knowledge, and developed the Universal Decimal Classification from Dewey's scheme. Their documentation movement is regarded as the origin of information science.Alexander Mikhailov led the Soviet information institute VINITI and is known for the term informatika, and S.R. Ranganathan is the father of library science in India. Neither is paired with Otlet as a founder, so options containing ii or iv are wrong.

31.

Statement (A) : Berne convention was held in Switzerland in the year 1866.
Statement (B) : WIPO Copyright Treaty was held in Geneva in 1996.

Codes :

A.Both (A) and (B) are false
B.Both (A) and (B) are true
C.(A) is true but (B) is false
D.(B) is true but (A) is false

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: D

(B) is true but (A) is false.

The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works was concluded in Berne, Switzerland, in 1886, not 1866, so statement (A) is false because of its date. It established the principle of automatic copyright protection among member countries.

The WIPO Copyright Treaty was adopted at a diplomatic conference in Geneva in December 1996, to update copyright for the digital environment, so statement (B) is true. That rules out the options calling both true, both false, or (A) alone true.

Discuss in Forum

32.

Oral communication is also known as .................. .

A.Verbal communication
B.Non-verbal communication
C.Formal communication
D.Non-formal communication

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: A

Oral communication is also known as Verbal communication.

Verbal communication uses words, and oral (spoken) communication, in conversation, lectures, telephone calls or meetings, is its most common form; written communication is the other verbal form. In everyday usage, especially in exam texts, oral and verbal communication are treated as the same.

Non-verbal communication uses gestures, facial expressions and body language rather than words. Formal and non-formal communication describe the channel within an organisation (official or informal), not whether the message is spoken.

Discuss in Forum

33.

Knowledge that may not be expressed by an individual is ................ .

A.Data
B.Explicit knowledge
C.Tacit knowledge
D.Information

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: C

Knowledge that may not be expressed is Tacit knowledge.

Michael Polanyi observed that 'we can know more than we can tell'. Tacit knowledge is personal know-how built from experience, such as a skilled worker's feel for a task, and it is hard to put into words or documents. Nonaka and Takeuchi made the tacit-explicit distinction central to knowledge management.

Explicit knowledge is the opposite: knowledge that has been expressed and recorded in documents, manuals and databases. Data are raw facts and information is processed data; neither is defined by being inexpressible.

Discuss in Forum

34.

'Indian Trade Mark Act' is enacted in the year .................... .

A.1999
B.2009
C.2005
D.2010

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: A

The Trade Marks Act was enacted in 1999.

The Trade Marks Act, 1999 replaced the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958, bringing Indian law into line with the TRIPS Agreement. It provides for registration of trade marks for goods and services, protection of well-known marks and remedies for infringement, and came into force in 2003.

2005 is the year of the Right to Information Act, and 2009 and 2010 do not correspond to the Trade Marks Act.

Discuss in Forum

35.

Who was the Chairman of the National Policy on Library and Information System, 1985 ?

A.D. P. Chattopadhyaya
B.A. Neelmeghan
C.M. A. Gopinath
D.G. B. Bhattacharyya

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: A

The committee was chaired by D. P. Chattopadhyaya.

In 1985 the Department of Culture set up a committee on the National Policy on Library and Information System under Professor D.P. Chattopadhyaya, the philosopher. Its report recommended a national policy covering public, academic and special libraries and a national-level body to coordinate library development.

A. Neelameghan and M.A. Gopinath were eminent LIS scholars at DRTC, and G.B. Bhattacharyya was known for POPSI, the indexing system; none chaired this committee.

Discuss in Forum

36.

Assertion (A) : Library and Information services are crucial for meeting learning needs of the masses.
Reason (R) : State policy for public library and information services is essential.

Codes :

A.(A) is true but (R) is false
B.(A) is false but (R) is true
C.Both (A) and (R) are false
D.Both (A) and (R) are true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2021, SET Exam - 2021,

Answer: D

Both (A) and (R) are true.

Library and information services support lifelong learning, literacy and access to knowledge for the general public, which is the mission set out in the IFLA/UNESCO Public Library Manifesto. So the assertion is true.

The reason is also true: library thinkers from Ranganathan onward, and committees such as the one on the National Policy on Library and Information System, have argued that a state policy and legislation are needed to establish and fund public library systems. The key asks only whether both statements are true.

Discuss in Forum

37.

Statement (A) : The Information Technology Act is passed in 2005.
Statement (B) : The Right to Information Act, (RTI) is passed in 2000.

A.Both (A) and (B) are true
B.Both (A) and (B) are false
C.(A) is true but (B) is false
D.(A) is false but (B) is true

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: B

Both (A) and (B) are false.

The two dates are swapped. India's Information Technology Act was passed in 2000; it gave legal recognition to electronic records and digital signatures and dealt with cyber offences. The Right to Information Act was passed in 2005 and gives citizens the right to obtain information from public authorities.

Since each statement gives the other Act's year, neither is true, which rules out every option that calls A or B true.

Discuss in Forum

38.

Match the following :

List I	List II
(a) Information Society	(i) Paul Otlet
(b) Network Society	(ii) Claude E. Shannon
(c) Father of Information theory	(iii) Fritz Machlup
(d) Father of Information Science	(iv) Jan Van Dijk

A.a-iv, b-i, c-iii, d-ii
B.a-i, b-iii, c-iv, d-ii
C.a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i
D.a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

The correct matching is a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i.

Information society: Fritz Machlup's study of the knowledge industries, The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States (1962), is the founding work on it (iii).
Network society: the term is credited to Jan van Dijk, whose book on it appeared in 1991 (iv).
Father of information theory: Claude E. Shannon, through his 1948 paper on the mathematical theory of communication (ii).
Father of information science: Paul Otlet, the Belgian founder of documentation (i).

Only option C gives all four pairs; the others misplace Shannon or Otlet, the two best-known names.

Discuss in Forum

39.

.......... and ............. are known as the fathers of Information Science.

(i) Paul Otlet
(ii) Alxander Mikhailov
(iii) Henry La Fontaine
(iv) S.R. Ranganathan

A.(i) and (iv) are correct
B.(ii) and (iii) are correct
C.(i) and (iii) are correct
D.(ii) and (iv) are correct

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: C

The pair is Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine, so the answer is (i) and (iii) are correct.

The two Belgians founded the International Institute of Bibliography in 1895, set out to build a universal bibliography of all recorded knowledge, and developed the Universal Decimal Classification from Dewey's scheme. Their documentation movement is regarded as the origin of information science.

Alexander Mikhailov led the Soviet information institute VINITI and is known for the term informatika, and S.R. Ranganathan is the father of library science in India. Neither is paired with Otlet as a founder, so options containing ii or iv are wrong.

Discuss in Forum

40.

Which are the barriers in communication ?

(i) Language
(ii) Financial
(iii) Technical
(iv) Message

A.(i) and (iv) are correct
B.(ii) and (iv) are correct
C.(iii) and (iv) are correct
D.(i), (ii) and (iii) are correct

Exam Year(s)

MH SET - 2023, SET Exam - 2023,

Answer: D

The barriers are language, financial and technical, so the answer is (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.

Language barriers arise when sender and receiver do not share a language or its terms. Financial barriers arise when the cost of a source or a channel keeps information out of reach. Technical barriers come from equipment, connectivity or noise in the channel.

The message is not a barrier at all: it is one of the basic components of communication, alongside the sender, the channel and the receiver. Every other option includes (iv) Message, so only option D is left.

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