Fundamentals Questions and Answers

Q: Which of the following is the first computer to use Stored Program Concept?

Correct answer: EDSACEDSAC, built at Cambridge by Maurice Wilkes and first run in May 1949, was the first practical computer to work on the stored-program principle - instructions held in memory alongside the data, so that a new job needed only new data rather than rewiring. ENIAC had to be reconfigured by hand, and UNIVAC came later.

Q: The term gigabyte refers to

Correct answer: 1024 megabytesThe units go up in steps of 1024, which is \(2^{10}\): 1024 bytes to the kilobyte, 1024 kilobytes to the megabyte, and 1024 megabytes to the gigabyte - that is \(2^{30}\) bytes. (Disk manufacturers use powers of ten instead, which is why a “500 GB” drive shows as about 465 GB.)

Q: In which year did the UK’s premier computing event, “The Which Computer? Show”, start?

Correct answer: 1980The Which Computer? Show, Britain’s principal computing exhibition through the 1980s, began in 1980 - the moment the microcomputer was arriving in offices and homes.

Q: Once you load the suitable program and provide required data, a computer needs no human intervention. This feature is known as

Correct answer: AutomaticAutomatic operation is the ability to carry a job through from start to finish once it has been set going - no operator needed between steps. It follows from the stored-program principle: the machine fetches its own next instruction. Accuracy, reliability and versatility are separate qualities.

Q: Machine language is

Correct answer: All of aboveAll three are true of machine language. It is machine dependent, since the binary codes belong to one processor’s instruction set; it is difficult to program, being written in binary with addresses managed by hand; and for the same reasons it is error prone, and errors are hard to find. Assembly language cured the worst of it, and high-level languages the rest.

Q: A byte consists of

Correct answer: Eight bitsA byte is eight bits, which gives \(2^8 = 256\) distinct values - enough for one character in ASCII or EBCDIC, which is where the size came from. Four bits are a nibble, and sixteen bits a word on many machines.

Q: Modern Computers are very reliable but they are not

Correct answer: InfallibleComputers are extremely reliable - they do the same thing every time - but that is not the same as being infallible. A machine given wrong data or a wrong program produces wrong answers with complete consistency, which is what “garbage in, garbage out” means. The fault lies with the input or the program, but the output is wrong all the same.

Q: In which year did Babbage conceive the Analytical Engine?

Correct answer: 1837Charles Babbage conceived the Analytical Engine in 1837. It anticipated nearly everything in a modern computer - a mill for arithmetic, a store for numbers, punched-card input, and conditional branching - but it was never built in his lifetime. His earlier Difference Engine dates from the 1820s.

101.

Which of the following is the first computer to use Stored Program Concept?

A.UNIVAC
B.ENIAC
C.EDSAC
D.None of above

Answer: C

Correct answer: EDSAC

EDSAC, built at Cambridge by Maurice Wilkes and first run in May 1949, was the first practical computer to work on the stored-program principle - instructions held in memory alongside the data, so that a new job needed only new data rather than rewiring. ENIAC had to be reconfigured by hand, and UNIVAC came later.

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102.

The term gigabyte refers to

A.1024 bytes
B.1024 kilobytes
C.1024 megabytes
D.1024 terabytes

Answer: C

Correct answer: 1024 megabytes

The units go up in steps of 1024, which is \(2^{10}\): 1024 bytes to the kilobyte, 1024 kilobytes to the megabyte, and 1024 megabytes to the gigabyte - that is \(2^{30}\) bytes. (Disk manufacturers use powers of ten instead, which is why a “500 GB” drive shows as about 465 GB.)

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103.

In which year did the UK’s premier computing event, “The Which Computer? Show”, start?

A.1980
B.1985
C.1986
D.1987

Answer: A

Correct answer: 1980

The Which Computer? Show, Britain’s principal computing exhibition through the 1980s, began in 1980 - the moment the microcomputer was arriving in offices and homes.

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104.

Once you load the suitable program and provide required data, a computer needs no human intervention. This feature is known as

A.Accuracy
B.Reliability
C.Versatility
D.Automatic

Answer: D

Correct answer: Automatic

Automatic operation is the ability to carry a job through from start to finish once it has been set going - no operator needed between steps. It follows from the stored-program principle: the machine fetches its own next instruction. Accuracy, reliability and versatility are separate qualities.

Discuss in Forum

105.

What is a brand?

A.The name of companies that made computers
B.The name a company gives a product to identify it in the market
C.A name of class to indicate all similar products from different companies
D.All of above

Answer: B

Correct answer: The name a company gives a product to identify it in the market

A brand is the name and identity a company attaches to its own product to distinguish it from competing ones - ThinkPad, Pentium, Windows. It is narrower than the company name and quite different from a generic category term, which covers similar products from every maker.

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106.

Machine language is

A.Machine dependent
B.Difficult to program
C.Error prone
D.All of above

Answer: D

Correct answer: All of above

All three are true of machine language. It is machine dependent, since the binary codes belong to one processor’s instruction set; it is difficult to program, being written in binary with addresses managed by hand; and for the same reasons it is error prone, and errors are hard to find. Assembly language cured the worst of it, and high-level languages the rest.

Discuss in Forum

107.

A byte consists of

A.One bit
B.Four bits
C.Eight bits
D.Sixteen bits

Answer: C

Correct answer: Eight bits

A byte is eight bits, which gives \(2^8 = 256\) distinct values - enough for one character in ASCII or EBCDIC, which is where the size came from. Four bits are a nibble, and sixteen bits a word on many machines.

Discuss in Forum

108.

Modern Computers are very reliable but they are not

A.Fast
B.Powerful
C.Infallible
D.Cheap

Answer: C

Correct answer: Infallible

Computers are extremely reliable - they do the same thing every time - but that is not the same as being infallible. A machine given wrong data or a wrong program produces wrong answers with complete consistency, which is what “garbage in, garbage out” means. The fault lies with the input or the program, but the output is wrong all the same.

Discuss in Forum

109.

In which year did Babbage conceive the Analytical Engine?

A.1642
B.1837
C.1880
D.1850

Answer: B

Correct answer: 1837

Charles Babbage conceived the Analytical Engine in 1837. It anticipated nearly everything in a modern computer - a mill for arithmetic, a store for numbers, punched-card input, and conditional branching - but it was never built in his lifetime. His earlier Difference Engine dates from the 1820s.

Discuss in Forum

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