Family Studies Questions and Answers

Answer: D

The keyed section is Section 354.

Section 354 of the Indian Penal Code punishes assault or criminal force on a woman with intent to outrage her modesty, the provision under which physical eve-teasing was prosecuted. Verbal teasing and gestures came under Section 509, which is not among the options. The Indian Penal Code was replaced by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita from 1 July 2024.

The other sections deal with different offences: Section 326 with voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means, Section 336 with acts endangering life or the personal safety of others, and Section 340 with wrongful confinement.

Answer: A

Family disorganization is disruption in the structure and functions in the family unit.

Sociologists define it as the breakdown of the family as a functioning unit: the roles and relationships of its members are disturbed, and the family can no longer carry out its functions properly. Its forms include desertion, separation, divorce and serious conflict.

Unemployment, arguments between members and incompatibility between the couple are possible causes or symptoms of family disorganization, not definitions of it.

Answer: C

They are techniques of family therapy and counseling.

Family therapists use role play to let members act out interactions, or take one another's roles, so that patterns become visible. Reframing gives a new, more constructive meaning to a problem behaviour, for example seeing a child's misbehaviour as a bid for attention in the system, and it is a hallmark of structural and strategic family therapy.

Directive counseling is counsellor-led advice-giving, and music therapy uses music as the medium. REBT's core technique is disputing irrational beliefs; it may use role play, but the pairing with reframing points to family therapy.

Answer: B

The keyed answer is Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy.

REBT, developed by Albert Ellis in the 1950s, holds that emotional distress comes from irrational beliefs about events rather than from the events themselves (the ABC model: activating event, belief, consequence). Therapy identifies and disputes those beliefs and replaces them with rational ones. 'Irrational beliefs' is Ellis's own term, which is why the description points to REBT.

Cognitive behaviour therapy, which grew partly from Ellis's work and Beck's cognitive therapy, also targets distorted thinking, but more broadly. Transactional analysis studies ego states and transactions between people, and psychoanalytic therapy works on unconscious conflict.

Answer: C

The technique is crisis intervention.

Crisis intervention is short-term, immediate help for a person in acute distress after an event such as a disaster, bereavement or violence. It aims to restore the person's coping and functioning to the level before the crisis and so prevent lasting psychological harm, typically over a few sessions.

Crisis management refers to how organisations handle emergencies, not care for an individual. Group intervention and group management are methods for groups, while the question describes help to 'an individual affected by a crisis'.

Answer: C

(A) is true and (R) is false. The home is the first place of learning, where children of both sexes can be given equal opportunities to develop their abilities and personality.

The reason contradicts this: it says personal and professional development of both sexes is not possible within the home. If it were true, (A) would be false. The home can support both kinds of development, so (R) is false, and options making (R) true are wrong.

Answer: D

The goals of the elderly are chiefly good family relations and good health, since these make the later years secure and comfortable. Education and vocational pursuits are goals of younger age groups, and the key does not accept them as the main goals of the elderly. So the correct statements are I and II. Older persons give priority to the family bond and to keeping well, as these decide their security and independence. Education and vocational pursuits are stressed in youth and adulthood, which is why the options with III or IV are rejected.

Answer: B

The official key marks both as wrong. The assertion that mentally challenged people have no right to marriage is wrong, since persons with mild disability may marry and be helped to do so, and the reason that they are unable to bear and rear children is also wrong, as many can with guidance and support. So both (A) and (R) are wrong. Persons with mild mental challenge can marry and live with support, and their rights are protected by law, so (A) is not a sound statement. Many can also look after children with guidance, so the reason does not hold, and therefore neither statement is correct.

Answer: A

Both statements are true. Confidentiality is an essential quality of a counsellor, because the client must be certain that what is told will not be disclosed. The reason is also true, since the counselling relationship is effective only if the client trusts the counsellor, and that trust depends on the counsellor keeping confidence. Option B calls both false, and options C and D call one of them false, so the keyed answer is option A.

Answer: C

A reference group is a group whose views an individual consults and whose standards he or she uses when taking an important decision or judging his own behaviour. Formal groups have a defined structure and set goals, such as an office or a class. Informal groups form through friendship and casual contact. Interest groups are people joined by a shared interest. A person need not belong to a reference group to be influenced by it. The answer is Reference groups.