Family Studies Questions and Answers

Answer: A

The first phase is Silence.

In Women's Ways of Knowing (1986), Mary Belenky and her colleagues described five perspectives from which women know: silence, received knowledge, subjective knowledge, procedural knowledge and constructed knowledge. In silence, the women feel voiceless and subject to the authority of others, with no sense of themselves as knowers.

Received knowledge (learning by listening to authorities), subjective knowledge (trusting inner voice and intuition) and procedural knowledge (applying methods of reasoning) are the second, third and fourth perspectives, not the first.

Answer: A

The glass ceiling means that women in higher positions have a larger income gap with men than women in lower positions.

The glass ceiling is an invisible barrier that stops women rising to the top levels of organisations. In pay, it shows up as a gender gap that widens towards the top of the earnings scale: women near the top fall further behind men than women at lower levels do. That pattern of a gap increasing with level is what distinguishes the glass ceiling from a general pay gap.

The other options describe a gap that is the same regardless of level or roughly equal across fields, which is a uniform pay gap, not a ceiling that bites at the top.

Answer: A

The keyed advantage is size.

A nuclear family, parents and their unmarried children, is small. Its small size means fewer members to support from the same income, closer attention to each child, more privacy, and quicker decisions and easier mobility, for example when moving for a job.

The other options are usually counted as strengths of the extended family: members support each other financially, there are several earners rather than a single bread winner, and grandparents and relatives provide emotional support and help with childcare.

Answer: B

Such a union is called marriage.

Sociologists define marriage as a socially recognised, legally or customarily sanctioned, relatively stable union between adults. It publicly sets out the partners' rights and obligations towards each other and their children, and it creates a new alliance between the two kin groups.

A family is the group, often formed through marriage, that includes parents and children, so it is the outcome rather than the union itself. An extended family includes several generations or collateral relatives, and a household is simply the people who live and eat together under one roof, related or not.

Answer: A

Human Rights Day is observed on 10th December each year.

On 10 December 1948 the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The day has been marked as Human Rights Day since 1950, and in India the National Human Rights Commission observes it each year.

The other dates mark other occasions: 1 December is World AIDS Day and 20 December is International Human Solidarity Day, while 31 December is simply the last day of the year.

Answer: C

The family type is Double Income No Kids (DINKS).

A DINK couple both earn and choose not to have children, often to concentrate on their careers. The type has grown with urbanisation and more women in paid work.

A migrant family moves for work, a reconstituted (blended) family is formed by remarriage with children from earlier unions, and an extended family includes several generations or relatives; none is defined by choosing not to have children.

Answer: A

Selection of life goals is linked to successful aging.

Paul and Margret Baltes' model of successful aging is called selective optimisation with compensation (SOC). As resources decline in later life, people select the goals and areas of life that matter most, optimise their efforts in them, and compensate for losses. Selecting goals and where to invest personal resources is the first part of the model.

Marriage, planned parenthood and community service are life events or activities, not the developmental process this language describes.

Answer: D

The term is marital disharmony.

Marital disharmony (marital conflict) is disagreement between spouses in which one or both feel their needs, interests or concerns are threatened. It need not involve violence.

Dating violence occurs between unmarried partners, wife battering is physical abuse, and domestic violence covers physical, sexual, emotional or economic abuse in the home. All three are abuse, while the stem describes a disagreement.

Answer: B

The family welfare policy is Family Planning.

India launched a national family planning programme in 1952, the first country to do so. In 1977 it was renamed the Family Welfare Programme, covering family planning together with maternal and child health.

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is the scheme for universal elementary education, NEP-2020 is the National Education Policy, and the National Skill Development programme is about vocational training. None is a family welfare policy.

Answer: A

Spouses must adjust to interdependent styles of life.

Marriage requires each partner to move from living as an individual to sharing decisions, money, time and roles. Each depends on the other while keeping a sense of self, which is interdependence, and making that shift is the central task of marital adjustment.

An independent or autonomous style ignores the partner, and a dependent style puts one spouse wholly on the other; neither describes the mutual adjustment marriage implies.