Discussion
Assertion (A) : Active filters are better than passive filters in terms of price and performance.
Reason (R) : Integrated circuit technology has made available cheaper operational amplifiers.
Answer: A
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Active filters use op-amps with resistors and capacitors instead of inductors. They give gain, have high input and low output impedance so stages do not load each other, avoid bulky and costly inductors at low frequencies, and are easy to tune. That makes them better in price and performance for most low-frequency work, so A is true.
Their cost advantage comes directly from integrated circuit technology, which made op-amps cheap and widely available, as R says. R therefore explains A, which rules out the other options.
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