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Which rate describes the observed temperature change with height?

  • A.The environmental lapse rate
  • B.The dry adiabatic lapse rate, which is what a parcel would follow if it were lifted through the atmosphere
  • C.The saturated adiabatic lapse rate
  • D.The autoconversion rate, which describes how rapidly cloud droplets are converted into precipitation particles

Answer: A

The environmental lapse rate is measured by a radiosonde and describes the actual atmosphere, averaging 6.5 kelvin per kilometre in the standard atmosphere but varying enormously in practice. The two adiabatic rates describe what a parcel would do, not what the environment does. Comparing the environmental rate with the two adiabatic rates is precisely how stability is assessed. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.

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