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Which process warms air descending the lee slope of a mountain?

  • A.The absorption of solar radiation by the descending air as it emerges from the cloud on the windward side
  • B.Latent heat release
  • C.Turbulent mixing with the warmer air of the valley floor towards which the descending flow is directed
  • D.Adiabatic compression

Answer: D

Descent through increasing pressure compresses the air and raises its temperature at the dry adiabatic rate once the cloud has evaporated, which is why foehn winds are so warm and dry. Having lost moisture on the windward side, the air descends along a dry adiabat rather than the saturated one it ascended. That asymmetry is the whole mechanism. Reading the definition literally, rather than recalling a formula, is the reliable route through questions of this shape.

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