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Which parameter characterises the aerodynamic roughness of a surface?

  • A.The roughness length
  • B.The albedo, which measures the fraction of the incident solar radiation that the surface reflects upward
  • C.The Bowen ratio
  • D.The displacement height, which accounts for the depth of a canopy over which the flow is effectively lifted

Answer: A

The roughness length is the height at which the extrapolated logarithmic profile reaches zero wind, ranging from a fraction of a millimetre over calm water to a metre over forest. The displacement height is a companion parameter needed over tall canopies, which makes it a reasonable alternative. Albedo and Bowen ratio describe radiative and energetic rather than aerodynamic properties. Most errors here come from carrying a result across from a neighbouring case where it does not hold.

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