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'The matter of giving orders seems a very simple affair; on the other hand surrounded by many difficulties', who observed it ?

  • A.Peter Drucker
  • B.Chris Argyris
  • C.Chester Barnard
  • D.Mary Parker Follett

Answer: D

The observation is Mary Parker Follett's.

It comes from her paper 'The Giving of Orders' (1925). Follett noted that to some people giving orders seems a very simple affair, while others find it surrounded by many difficulties. Her answer was the 'law of the situation': orders should be depersonalised and derived from the requirements of the situation, which both superior and subordinate can recognise, rather than from personal authority.

Chester Barnard developed the acceptance theory of authority, Chris Argyris the conflict between the individual and the organisation, and Peter Drucker management by objectives. Each wrote on authority or management, but the giving of orders is Follett's theme.

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