Discussion
Assertion (A) and Reason (R) pattern :
Assertion (A) : Chester Barnard examined the role of informal organisations.
Reason (R) : He considers them as essential and complementary to formal organisations.
Answer the question using the codes given below :
Answer: A
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Chester Barnard, in The Functions of the Executive (1938), gave close attention to informal organisation: the network of personal contacts, interactions and groupings that grows up alongside the formal structure. That is the assertion.
He studied it because he regarded informal organisation as essential to the formal one. It creates the conditions for formal organisation to emerge, aids communication, maintains cohesion and protects individual integrity. In his view the two are interdependent and complementary, which is why he examined it, so the reason explains the assertion.
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