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What is expectimax used for?

  • A.Games in which the opponent plays suboptimally
  • B.Games where the utilities are not zero sum
  • C.Games containing an element of chance
  • D.Games in which more than two players take part

Answer: C

Backgammon and card games contain chance nodes whose value is the expectation over the possible outcomes, so the tree alternates maximising, minimising and averaging layers. Multiplayer games need a vector of utilities, opponent modelling is a separate refinement and non-zero sum games change the backup rule differently. Adding an averaging layer to a minimax tree is a small structural change with large consequences for the search's cost.

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