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What is the practical reason chess programs exceed human strength?

  • A.The ability to consider moves humans cannot see at all
  • B.Deep search combined with a tuned or learned evaluation
  • C.Complete enumeration of the game tree from the opening
  • D.Access to a database of every game ever played

Answer: B

Searching tens of plies with strong pruning, a good evaluation and prepared opening and endgame knowledge accumulates an advantage no human calculation can match. The tree is never enumerated, game databases help only in the opening, and the moves considered are the same legal moves a human sees. Attributing a result to the mechanism that actually produced it, rather than to a vaguer notion of superiority, is what makes the achievement instructive.

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