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The fuselage contribution to the pitching moment derivative with incidence is usually

  • A.Stabilising at low speed and destabilising at high speed
  • B.Destabilising, because its lift acts ahead of the centre of gravity
  • C.Stabilising, because of its large wetted area
  • D.Zero, because a body of revolution generates no moment

Answer: B

A slender body develops its normal force forward, so the fuselage contribution is destabilising: it makes \( C_{m_\alpha} \) less negative and has to be offset by tail volume. Wetted area affects drag, not this sign. A body of revolution at incidence certainly does generate a moment, which is the entire point of the Munk correction. And the sign does not reverse with speed, though its magnitude changes with Mach number.

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