Discussion
Statement I: A T-tail places the horizontal surface out of the wing wake at low incidence.
Statement II: A T-tail therefore has a larger effective tail volume at low incidence than a conventional tail of the same area.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer.
Answer: A
Both statements are correct. Mounting the tailplane at the top of the fin puts it in cleaner air, so its local dynamic pressure and effective lift curve slope are higher, giving more pitch stiffness and damping per unit area. The penalty comes at high incidence, where the surface can enter the wing wake and lose effectiveness abruptly, which is the deep stall problem. So the arrangement improves the derivative in the normal envelope and threatens it at the edge.
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