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Why is the downwash factor at the tail important in estimating pitch stiffness?

  • A.It increases the dynamic pressure at the tail
  • B.It changes the tail's aspect ratio
  • C.It shifts the aerodynamic centre of the wing
  • D.It reduces the incidence change the tail actually experiences

Answer: D

The wing's downwash means the tail sees only a fraction \( (1 - \mathrm{d}\epsilon/\mathrm{d}\alpha) \) of the aeroplane's incidence change, so its contribution to pitch stiffness is reduced by that factor, typically to sixty or seventy per cent of the geometric value. It generally lowers the dynamic pressure at the tail slightly rather than raising it. Aspect ratio is geometric. And the wing's own aerodynamic centre is not moved by its downwash field.

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