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Which axis system is normally used when quoting stability derivatives for dynamic analysis?

  • A.Stability axes, aligned with the trim relative wind
  • B.Earth axes, fixed to the ground
  • C.Wind axes that rotate with every gust
  • D.Principal axes of inertia only

Answer: A

Stability axes are the usual choice: body axes rotated so that the x-axis lies along the relative wind in the trim condition, which makes the trim incidence zero and simplifies the equations. Earth axes are the reference for navigation rather than for aerodynamics. Axes that follow every gust would not give a fixed frame to linearise in. Principal axes remove the product-of-inertia terms and are sometimes used, but they are a separate choice and rarely coincide with stability axes.

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