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Which derivative pair appears in the short-period approximation?

  • A.C y delta r and C n delta r
  • B.M alpha and M q
  • C.X u and Z u
  • D.C l beta and C n r

Answer: B

The approximation retains \( M_\alpha \) for stiffness and \( M_q \) for damping, together with \( M_{\dot\alpha} \) and \( Z_\alpha/u_0 \). The speed derivatives \( X_u \) and \( Z_u \) belong to the phugoid approximation instead. The third pair are lateral derivatives that appear in the spiral criterion. The fourth are rudder control derivatives, which appear in the input matrix rather than in any modal approximation.

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