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Which is the reference area for whole-aeroplane coefficients?

  • A.The tail area
  • B.The wetted area
  • C.The frontal area
  • D.The wing area

Answer: D

By convention it is the wing reference area, including the notional portion carried through the fuselage, and every whole-aeroplane coefficient is defined against it. Tail area appears in the tail volume coefficient rather than as a reference. Wetted area is used for skin friction estimates, and frontal area for some drag work on bluff bodies. Because the choice is a convention, a data sheet must state it, and two sources using different definitions cannot be mixed.

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