Discussion
A household cooks on an unvented biomass stove, and outdoor air quality in the village is good.
Where does the greatest health risk lie?
Answer: A
Correct answer: Indoors, at many times the outdoor level
The risk lies indoors. An unvented biomass stove can raise kitchen PM2.5 to a thousand micrograms per cubic metre or more, twenty times a typical outdoor level, and the exposure falls on whoever is present - usually women and young children.
Good ambient air quality is no protection, because the ambient monitoring network cannot see the kitchen at all. This is why household air pollution is counted as one of the largest environmental health burdens worldwide, and why the remedies are improved stoves, flues and clean fuels rather than anything in the ambient regime.
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