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Match each design philosophy in List I with its defining feature in List II.

List I

A. Safe-life

B. Fail-safe

C. Damage tolerance

D. Static strength only

List II

1. An alternative load path if one member fails

2. Retirement at a fixed life regardless of inspection

3. Carries limit and ultimate load, with no fatigue consideration

4. Known crack growth rates set the inspection interval

Select the correct match.

  • A.A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
  • B.A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
  • C.A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
  • D.A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Answer: D

The three fatigue philosophies form a historical progression, each responding to the shortcomings of the last, and modern transport certification rests on damage tolerance with safe-life retained only where redundancy cannot be provided.

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