Discussion
Lucas reagant is
Answer: B
Lucas reagent is concentrated HCl with anhydrous \(\mathrm{ZnCl_{2}}\).
Lucas reagent distinguishes primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. Zinc chloride, a Lewis acid, helps the alcohol ionise, and chloride converts it to an alkyl chloride, which is insoluble and makes the solution turbid. Tertiary alcohols turn cloudy at once, secondary alcohols within about five minutes, and primary alcohols not noticeably at room temperature.
The reagent needs hydrochloric acid because the product is an alkyl chloride. Nitric acid, sulphuric acid, acetic acid and oleum (printed 'Oleium') do not supply chloride ions, so none of those mixtures is Lucas reagent.
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