Discussion
Phenol is treated with Con.H2SO4 to gives a product 'X" which on treatment with Con.HNO3 gives compound 'Y'. The compounds 'X' and 'Y' are respectively
Answer: E
X and Y are Phenol-2,4-disulphonic acid and picric acid.
Concentrated sulphuric acid sulphonates the activated phenol ring at both the ortho and para positions, giving phenol-2,4-disulphonic acid. Treating this with concentrated nitric acid replaces the sulphonic acid groups by nitro groups and nitrates the remaining ortho position, giving 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, picric acid.
This route is used because direct nitration of phenol with concentrated nitric acid oxidises much of it. A mixture of 2- and 4-nitrophenol comes from dilute nitric acid on phenol itself, not from the sulphonic acid with concentrated acid.
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