Discussion
Chloroethane is prepared by the action of PCl3 on ethanol. What is the inorganic product formed in the reaction?
Answer: C
The inorganic product is \(\text{H}_{3}\text{PO}_{3}\), phosphorous acid.
\[ \begin{aligned} &3\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{5}\text{OH} + \text{PCl}_{3} \\ &\rightarrow 3\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{5}\text{Cl} + \text{H}_{3}\text{PO}_{3} \end{aligned} \]
Each P-Cl bond is replaced by P-OH, so the three chlorines go to the three ethyl groups and phosphorus keeps its +3 state as \(\text{H}_{3}\text{PO}_{3}\).
\(\text{POCl}_{3}\) (with HCl) is the by-product when \(\text{PCl}_{5}\) is used instead. \(\text{H}_{3}\text{PO}_{4}\) and \(\text{HPO}_{3}\) contain phosphorus in the +5 state, which \(\text{PCl}_{3}\) does not reach in this reaction.
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