Discussion
How much water must be added to a bucket which contains 40 liters of milk at the cost price of Rs.3.50 per liter so that the cost of milk reduces to Rs.2 per liter?
Answer: C
Water is free, so the total value of the bucket never changes; only the volume does.
\[ \text{value} = 40 \times 3.50 = \text{Rs. } 140 \]
At Rs. 2 per litre that value must spread over
\[ \frac{140}{2} = 70 \text{ litres} \]
\[ \text{water added} = 70 - 40 = 30 \text{ litres} \]
By alligation, water is priced at 0 and \( \tfrac{\text{milk}}{\text{water}} = \tfrac{2-0}{3.50-2} = \tfrac{4}{3} \), so 40 litres of milk needs 30 of water.
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