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The Doctrine of Fundamental Rights cannot be amended under Article 368 was propounded by the Supreme Court of India in

  • A.Gopalan v/s State of Madras
  • B.Keshavananda Bharati v/s State of Kerala
  • C.Golaknath v/s State of Punjab
  • D.Menaka v/s Union of India

Answer: C

The doctrine was propounded in Golaknath v/s State of Punjab.

In Golaknath (1967) the Supreme Court held that Parliament could not amend the Fundamental Rights under Article 368, because an amendment is 'law' under Article 13 and cannot take away or abridge those rights.

Keshavananda Bharati (1973) overruled Golaknath, allowing Fundamental Rights to be amended but not the basic structure of the Constitution. Gopalan (1950) and Maneka Gandhi (1978) concerned personal liberty under Article 21, not the amending power.

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