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Which statement accurately describes the procedure for amending the Indian Constitution, as laid down in Article 368?

  • A.The bill can be introduced either by a minister or by a private member, and it requires prior permission of the President.
  • B.Each House must pass the bill separately, and in case of a disagreement between the two Houses, a joint sitting is held for deliberation and passage of the bill.
  • C.If the bill seeks to amend the federal provisions of the Constitution, it must be ratified by the legislatures of all the states by a special majority.
  • D.The President must give his assent to the bill. He can neither withhold his assent to the bill nor return the bill for reconsideration of the Parliament.

Answer: D

The accurate statement is that the President must give assent and can neither withhold it nor return the bill.

Since the 24th Amendment (1971), Article 368(2) says that when a constitutional amendment bill is presented after passage, the President shall give his assent, so no veto or return for reconsideration applies.

The others are wrong. An amendment bill may be introduced by a minister or a private member but needs no prior permission of the President. There is no joint sitting for a constitutional amendment; each House must pass it separately by a special majority. And amendments to federal provisions need ratification by at least half of the state legislatures, by a simple majority, not by all of them.

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