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The CORRECT order of acidity of the following compounds is

Three N-protonated five-membered rings, each bearing NH2+: I pyrrolidinium (saturated); II pyrrole protonated on N (two ring C=C bonds); III a ring with one C=C bond next to the protonated N.

  • A.I \(\gt\) II \(\gt\) III
  • B.II \(\gt\) III \(\gt\) I
  • C.I \(\gt\) III \(\gt\) II
  • D.III \(\gt\) II \(\gt\) I

Answer: B

The order of acidity is II \(\gt\) III \(\gt\) I.

These are conjugate acids, so the weaker the parent base, the stronger the acid. Pyrrolidine (I) is a saturated amine with a localised sp3 lone pair, a strong base, so its cation is the weakest acid. In III the nitrogen sits next to a C=C bond, so its lone pair is partly delocalised (an enamine) and the base is weaker. In pyrrole (II) the lone pair is part of the aromatic sextet; protonating nitrogen destroys aromaticity, so pyrrole is an extremely weak base and II is the strongest acid.

Any order placing I first reverses the effect of delocalising the lone pair, and III \(\gt\) II overlooks the loss of aromaticity in II.

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