Discussion
Carbylamine is obtained when aniline is
Answer: C
The carbylamine is obtained when aniline is heated with \(\mathrm{CHCl_{3}}\) and ethanolic KOH.
This is the carbylamine reaction (isocyanide test). A primary amine heated with chloroform and alcoholic potassium hydroxide gives an isocyanide, which has a very unpleasant smell:
\[ \begin{aligned} &\mathrm{C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2} + CHCl_{3} + 3KOH} \\ &\mathrm{\rightarrow C_{6}H_{5}NC + 3KCl + 3H_{2}O} \end{aligned} \]
The base is essential, since it generates dichlorocarbene from chloroform, so chloroform with HCl does nothing of the kind. \(\mathrm{NaNO_{2} / HCl}\) diazotises aniline, concentrated \(\mathrm{H_{2}SO_{4}}\) on heating sulphonates it (sulphanilic acid), and HCl alone just forms anilinium chloride.
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