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What does a modulation index of zero represent?

  • A.A fully modulated signal at its efficiency limit
  • B.An over-modulated signal whose envelope has folded
  • C.An unmodulated carrier
  • D.A suppressed carrier with both sidebands

Answer: C

An index of zero means no message is applied, so only the carrier is transmitted and the efficiency is zero: all the power and none of the information. It is the reference condition against which the antenna current and total power are compared when the index is measured. Suppressing the carrier is a quite different operation, achieved with a balanced modulator, and leaves the sidebands. Full modulation is an index of one, and folding requires an index above one. The zero case is worth naming because every power formula in the topic reduces to the carrier alone there.

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